A silver carp head processing device was designed based on machine vision to solve problems including the lack of domestic freshwater fish head processing equipment and the low degree of mechanization of fish head processing.This device is composed of a fish body conveying device，fish body image acquisition device，fish body turnover part，vertical clamping conveyor belt，fish head cutting part，fish head sectioning part，device control system.The fish body image acquisition device obtains the fish body image on the conveying device and calculates the fish head cutting path.The fish body enters the vertical clamping conveyor belt through the fish body turnover part and moves forward under the action of the vertical clamping conveyor belt.When the fish body reaches the fish head cutting position，the vertical clamping conveyor belt stops after adjusting the fish body position，the fish head cutting part cuts the fish body according to the fish head cutting path and resets，and the vertical clamping conveyor belt drives the fish head forward.The cut fish head is a section in half through the fish head sectioning part.The performance of the prototype was tested with silver carp.The results showed that the determination coefficients of the linear fitting between the actual horizontal distance from the upper cutting point and the lower cutting point and the predicted horizontal distance after the fish head was cut were 0.911 and 0.985，with the root means square errors of 6.31 mm and 2.61 mm.The detection time of fish head cutting path，the processing time of fish head，and the appearance score of the fish head was （0.055±0.009） s，（13.28±0.35） s，and 0.88±0.02，meeting the production requirements of the silver carp head processing.It will provide new methods and equipment for the industry of silver carp head processing and theoretical and methodological references for the automatic processing of silver carp head.