1.作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌 330045;2.江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,南昌 331717;3.中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙 410125
张立进，E-mail： 570208044@qq.com
黄国勤，E-mail： hgqjxes@sina.com
S153;S344.1+3
国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300208）；国家自然科学基金项目（41661070）；中国工程院咨询研究项目（2017-XY-28）；江西农业大学作物学“一流学科”建设项目
- ZHANG Lijin 1,2
- CHAO Siqin 1,2
- LU Mengzhen 3
- HUANG Guoqin 1
- QIAN Guoming 2
- XIA Liming 2
- SHENG Jinke 2
1.Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology， Ecology and Genetic Breeding， Ministry of Education/ Center for Ecological Sciences， Jiangxi Agricultural University， Nanchang 330045， China;2.Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources， Nanchang 331717， China;3.Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region， Institute of Subtropical Agriculture， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changsha 410125， China
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为探究优化施肥对作物产量和稻田径流水中氮磷流失动态变化的影响，通过定位监测试验，研究了主因子优化处理、综合优化处理和常规处理3种施肥模式下油菜-水稻轮作田中氮磷浓度变化、径流水中氮磷累积流失量以及作物产量。结果显示：整个生育期径流水中全氮、硝态氮、总磷和可溶性磷含量呈先增加后下降然后趋于稳定的趋势，而油菜生长期铵态氮含量一直处于较低状态。与常规处理相比，主因子优化处理径流水中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮的平均含量分别下降31.44%、45.45%、28.84%。常规处理全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮累积流失量分别为10.92、0.37、9.16 kg/hm2，主因子优化处理和综合优化处理全氮累积流失量较常规处理分别降低了31.41%、22.99%，铵态氮累积流失量较常规处理分别降低了2.71%、43.24%，硝态氮累积流失量较常规处理分别降低了31.01%、29.81%。油菜综合优化处理产量为1 954.6 kg/hm2，比主因子优化处理和常规处理产量分别增加4.60%和4.79%，水稻综合优化处理产量为6 375.5 kg/hm2，比主因子优化处理和常规处理分别增加3.76%和0.81%。研究结果表明，与常规施肥相比，综合优化处理既可显著提高作物产量，又能有效降低稻田氮磷流失风险。
The changes of the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the multiple cropping system of rapeseed-rice， the cumulative loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff water and the yield of crops were studied through the positioning monitoring test under three different modes of fertilization including the optimization of principal factor， the integrated optimization and the conventional treatment to investigate the effects of optimized fertilization on the yield of crops and the dynamic changes of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff water of paddy field.The results showed that the content of total nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus in the runoff water during the whole growth period increased first， then decreased， and then tended to be stable， while the content of ammonium nitrogen in rapeseed was always low.Compared with the conventional treatment， the average content of total nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the runoff water under the principal factor optimization decreased by 31.44%， 45.45% and 28.84%， respectively.The accumulative loss of total nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under conventional treatment were 10.92 kg/hm2， 0.37 kg/hm2 and 9.16 kg/hm2， respectively.Under the principal factor optimization and the integrated optimization， the cumulative loss of the total nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen decreased by 31.41% and 22.99%， 2.71% and 43.24%， 31.01% and 29.81%， respectively.The yield of rapeseedseed under the integrated optimization was 1 954.6 kg/hm2， which was 4.60% and 4.79% higher than that under the principal factor optimization and conventional treatment， respectively.The yield of rice under integrated optimization was 6 375.5 kg/hm2， which was 3.76% and 0.81% higher than that under the principal factor optimization and conventional treatment， respectively.It is indicated that the integrated optimization can not only significantly improve the yield of crops， but also effectively reduce the risk of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields compared with conventional fertilization， which is of great significance for protecting the environment and controlling the pollution of non-point source.
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张立进,巢思琴,鲁梦珍,黄国勤,钱国明,夏立明,盛金科.优化施肥对油菜-水稻复种系统作物产量及氮磷流失的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2022,41(6):27-34
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- 收稿日期:2022-04-03
- 在线发布日期: 2022-12-09
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