The effects of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application on the yield of mid-season rice in Yangtze River Basin and its influencing factors were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for nutrient management in this rice planting areas.The data were collected from the rice field experiments conducted by the international plant nutrition institute （IPNI） and the literature searched on CNKI database with keywords “rice” and “rice + yield” in the Yangtze River Basin of China.There were 1 107，745 and 785 groups of NPK data that met the criteria for meta-analysis，respectively.Using no fertilization treatment as the control and the response ratio as the value of yield-increasing effect，the Meta-analysis method was used to study the yield-increasing effect of fertilization on rice in the Yangtze River Basin and its influencing factors including soil basic fertility，planting area，soil organic matter，pH and soil physical and chemical properties.Compared with no application of nitrogen，phosphorus or potassium fertilizers，the application of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the mid-season rice in the Yangtze River Basin had a significant effect of increasing yield.The average yield of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased by 35.1%，10.9% and 11.9%，respectively，and nitrogen fertilizer had the highest effect of yield increase.Different levels of basic soil fertility had significant effects on the increase of rice yield.The effects of yield-increasing of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were the highest in the low soil fertility （yield < 5.0 t/hm²），with yield increase rates of 45.9%，15.1% and 17.0%，respectively.The effects of yield-increasing of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were significantly different in the planting areas of the Yangtze River Basin.The effect of yield-increasing of nitrogen application in Shanghai was the highest，which was 43.9%，and the effects of yield-increasing of phosphorus application and potassium application in Chongqing was the highest，which were 16.4% % and 16.1%.The application of nitrogen fertilizer had the best effect of yield increasing under alkaline soil conditions，and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was the best under weakly acidic soil conditions（pH 6.0-7.0），with yield increase rates of 39.0%，14.1% and 15.7%，respectively.The effects of yield-increasing of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were significantly different among different contents of soil organic matter，while the effects of yield-increasing of phosphorus fertilizers were not significant.The effect of yield-increasing of nitrogen application was the best when soil total nitrogen ≤1.0 g/kg，total phosphorus >0.9 g/kg，total potassium <13.0 g/kg，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen ≤100 mg/kg，available phosphorus ≤9.0 mg/kg，available potassium ≤70.0 mg.Both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers obtained the best effect of yield-increasing when soil total phosphorus <0.3 g/kg，total potassium >20.0 g/kg，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen >150.0 mg/kg，available phosphorus ≤9.0 mg/kg，and available potassium ≤70.0 mg/kg.Low-fertility soils help to increase the effect of yield-increasing of fertilization.However，soil pH and different soil physicochemical properties affect the effect of yield-increasing of fertilization，resulting in differences in the effect of yield-increasing of fertilization among different provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Basin.The effect of yield-increasing of applying nitrogen fertilizer was the highest in soils with low contents of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium respectively，and the effect of yield-increasing of applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was higher when the contents of soil alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen were high and the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were low.The application of nitrogen fertilizer in alkaline soil，the application of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in weakly acidic soil had the best effect of increasing yield.Therefore，the nutrient management of rice in each planting area should comprehensively take the soil pH，organic matter and soil physicochemical properties as the basis for fertilizer input into consideration.