The paddy field farming system in Southern China plays an extremely important strategic position and role in the agricultural production of China and the whole farming systems. Over the past 70 years since the founding of new China,the paddy field farming system in Southern China has been continuously adjusted,reformed and developed,and great achievements including increased yield,improved quality,increased models and enhanced functions have been made. At present,the development of paddy field farming system in Southern China is facing many problems and challenges including the reduction of multiple cropping area,abandonment of cultivated land,ecological damage,environmental pollution,soil degradation,decline of biodiversity,frequent natural disasters,reduction of economic benefits,weakening of sustainable development ability,and so on. In view of the problems and challenges mentioned above,we must take positive and effective strategic countermeasures and measures including clarifying a goal and establishing the strategic goal of “Highquality development” of paddy field farming system in Southern China and follow the three principles including the principle of combining resource development,utilization and protection,the principle of unifying development quality,speed and benefits,and the principle of coordinating economic benefits,social benefits and ecological benefits. Specific measures of “One guarantee,to protect cultivated land resources ”,“Two expansion to expand winter planting and rice planting ”,“Three construction to build green ecology,high standard farmland and establish a disaster prevention and reduction system ”,“Four reform to transform single cropping rice to double cropping rice,transform indica rice to japonica rice,transform inferior varieties to highquality varieties,and transform continuous cropping to crop rotation ” and “Five savings to save land,water,fertilizer,medicine and energy ” should be taken. This article has important reference value and positive significance for the reform and development of paddy field farming system in Southern China at present and in the future.