2017—2020年汉江干流水生生物资源现状及变化趋势
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农业财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查”(CJDC201718);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662020SCPY001)


Current situation and changing trend of aquatic organisms resources in main stream of Hanjiang River from 2017 to 2020
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    摘要:

    为研究汉江水生生物资源现状和长时间变化趋势,2017-2020年间,对汉江干流汉中、老河口和钟祥江段鱼类、浮游生物和水生高等维管束植物等生物资源进行季节性调查分析。共采集鱼类98种,其中经济鱼类以鲤、鲫、鲢、鳙、草鱼等为主;共镜检浮游植物7门71属116种,其中绿藻门种类最多(共46种);优势种12种,以硅藻门为主。浮游动物共镜检出55属86种,其中轮虫最多(共48种);优势种8种,以原生动物为主。水生高等维管束植物16科24属29种,呈明显的地带性特征。与过去监测数据相比,汉江干流鱼类种类减少38种,主要以珍稀小型鱼类为主,如峨眉后平鳅、中华纹胸鮡等。新增鱼类27种,总体种类数下降、渔获物小型化趋势明显,渔业资源呈衰退趋势;浮游植物种类、密度和生物量呈上升趋势;浮游动物种类增多,密度和生物量呈上升趋势;水生高等维管束植物种类呈下降趋势。上述变化与南水北调中线工程、汉江梯级开发等水利工程建设,下泄水量减少、径流量的人为调节、下泄水的温度降低、部分江段水流变缓等水文情势变化和水体富营养化进程加快等因素相关,建议通过实施流域污染治理、实施人工增殖放流活动做好生态流量的管控等具体措施,加大汉江渔业资源与环境的保护力度。

    Abstract:

    From 2017 to 2020,the biological resources such as fish,plankton and aquatic macrophytes at Hanzhong,Laohekou and Zhongxiang sites in the main stream of Hanjiang River were investigated and analyzed seasonlly. The results showed that 98 species of fishes were collected,among which the economic fish were mainly carp,crucian carp,silver carp,bighead carp,and grass carp,etc. A total of 116 species of phytoplankton belonging to 71 genera,7 phyla were identified,among which 46 species were Chlorophyta,and 12 dominant species were Bacillariophyta. A total of 86 species of zooplankton belonging to 55 genera were detected,among which 48 species were rotifers,and 8 species were dominant,mainly protozoa. There are 29 species of aquatic macrophytes belonging to 24 genera and 16 families. Compared with the monitoring data in the past,there are 38 fewer fish species in the main stream of Hanjiang River,and the main species were rare and small fish,such as Metahomaloptera omeiensis and Glyptothorax sinensis. There were 27 new fish pecies,the total number of fish species decreased,the catch miniaturization was obvious,and the fishery resources declined. The species,density and biomass of phytoplankton increased; the species of zooplankton increased,and the density and biomass increased; and the species of aquatic macrophytes decreased. The above changes are related to the construction of water conservancy projects such as the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion and the cascade development of Hanjiang River,the change of hydrological regime such as the decrease of discharge water,the artificial regulation of runoff,the decrease of discharge water temperature,the slowing down of water flow in some river sections,and the acceleration of water eutrophication. It is suggested that the protection of fishery resources and environment in Hanjiang River should be strengthened through the implementation of pollution control in the river basin,the implementation of artificial proliferation and release,and the management and control of ecological flow.+E100

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徐聚臣,杜红春,王晓宁,覃剑晖,夏成星,侯杰,范泽宇,吴虎,王洁,何绪刚.2017—2020年汉江干流水生生物资源现状及变化趋势[J].华中农业大学学报,2021,40(5):

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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-09-29
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