The contents of organic matter and calcium carbonate in different size aggregation and the particle size distribution of Los Orthic Entisols in Ansai (Shaanxi) Province under different uses with and without binding agents removal were analyzed. The effects of agricultural utilization on loess agglomerate characteristics were investigated. The results showed that aggregate in soils under different uses were dominated by ＞0.05 mm (45%-65%) and 0.002-0.05 mm (30%-45%) aggregate. Agronomic activities promoted the leaching and deposition of calcium carbonate resulting in a great enhancement of secondary carbonate in ＜0.002 mm fraction compared with the natural soil. No fertilization treatment (CK) and inorganic fertilizer application (NK) significantly reduced organic matter content in＜0.002 mm fraction. But organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased organic matter content in ＞0.05 mm and ＜0.002 mm fraction and subsequently favored the formation of macroaggregate of 250-1 000 μm. Gradual removal of binding agents caused the shift of soil particle size distribution curve and cumulative curve to the left with varying degrees as a result of aggregate fragmentation. It is indicated that both calcium carbonate and organic matter cementation occurred in the soils under different land uses. The cementation of calcium carbonate and organic matter was strongest in soil with organic fertilizer application. It will provide scientific basis for improving soil quality and productivity in loess region.