可降解种膜直播对水稻生长和产量的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(51509155; 51275319)


Effects of degradable mulchseeds direct seeding on growth and yield of rice
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    摘要:

    为了探索可降解种膜水稻直播种植技术在辽宁地区的可行性,在辽宁省辽阳、新宾等地,以普通直播和机械插秧为对照,研究可降解种膜直播对土壤不同土层温度、出苗时间、出苗率、生长性状和产量构成等指标的影响。结果表明:可降解种膜直播与对照相比,对耕层地表和地表下5 cm处温度的影响极显著(P<0.01),对地表下10 cm处温度的影响显著(P<0.05);在水稻生长前期,对提高土壤温度作用较大,且主要体现在浅层,在水稻生长的中后期,对较深层土壤的温度影响加大。与普通直播相比,可降解种膜直播早6 d出苗,出苗率高17.6%。与对照相比,可降解种膜直播对水稻株高和分蘖的影响均极显著(P<0.01);水稻生长前期,机械插秧处理的秧苗植株最高,到生长中后期,可降解种膜直播秧苗株高最高,但随时间推移,3种种植模式下的秧苗株高差别越来越小,可降解膜作用减弱;可降解种膜直播水稻分蘖最早,且更早达到分蘖高峰,有效分蘖比对照高24%和35%。可降解种膜直播与2组对照相比,对水稻的产量有极显著的影响(P<0.01),在14.5%的含水率下,可降解膜直播产量为11 141 kg/hm2,比普通直播高17.72%,比机械插秧高8.33%。

    Abstract:

    Field experiments of degradable mulchseeds rice direct seeding compared with conventional direct seeding and transplanting were carried out in Liaoyang City and Xinbin County to explore the application feasibility of the technology in Liaoning Province.The effects of degradable mulching on temperatures at different soil layers,the emergence time,the emergence rate,the growth characteristics and the yield components of rice were studied.The results showed that degradable mulching significantly increased soil temperature at the surface layer (P<0.01)and temperature at 5 cm below surface of the soil (P<0.05).At the early stage of direct seeding and transplanting,mulching increased the soil temperature,especially temperature of the shallow layer.From the middle stage to late stage of paddy growing,the temperature of deeper soil layer increased fast.Compared with conventional rice direct seeding,the emergence date of mulchseeds planting was 6 days earlier and the emergence rate was 17.6% higher.Compared with conventional direct seeding and transplanting,the mulchseeds planting significantly affected rice plant height and tillering.At the early stage of rice growth,the rice plant of mulchseeds direct seeding grew faster,started tillering earlier,and the growth of the secondary branch was promoted.The yield of degradable mulchseeds rice direct seeding at moisture content of 14.5% was 11 141 kg/hm2,with 17.72% and 8.33% more than that of conventional direct seeding and transplanting,respectively.

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宋玉秋,张强,陈天佑,辛明金,刘翠红,邬立岩,张本华,孔爱菊,崔红光,任文涛.可降解种膜直播对水稻生长和产量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2017,36(4):1-6

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  • 收稿日期:2016-11-09
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-06-12
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