To evaluate the recovery effect of fish resources during the mid-stage of the comprehensive fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin，this study selected four survey stations （Yichang，Shishou，Jiayu，and Wuhan） in the middle reaches of the main stream of the Yangtze River as research sites.Based on six fish catch surveys conducted from 2022 to 2025，and through analyses of the relative importance index，biodiversity index，ABC curve （abundance-biomass comparison curve），and community similarity，the characteristics of fish community structure and diversity in this section of the river were systematically explored.The results showed that a total of 91 fish species were identified，belonging to 8 orders and 17 families，with Cypriniformes accounting for the highest proportion （65%）.Regarding ecological types，benthic fish （46%） and omnivorous fish （57%） were dominant，while fish producing drifting eggs accounted for 25%.From 2022 to 2025，the dominant species in each reach changed from being singular to more diverse，with Xenocypris species （such as Xenocypris argentea and Xenocypris davidi），Hypophthalmichthys molitrix，and Pelteobagrus eupogon gradually becoming the dominant species.The biodiversity index （Shannon-Wiener index：2.52-3.10） of Shishou，Jiayu，and Wuhan reaches was higher than that of the Yichang reach （0.53-2.23），and the community stability （W value generally > 0） of the former was better than that of the Yichang reach.Cluster analysis and NMDS （Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling） analysis showed a highly significant difference in community structure between Yichang station and other stations （global R = 0.5，P = 0.001）.The study indicated that fish resources in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River exhibited a recovery during the mid-stage of the fishing ban，but problems such as the limited distribution of rare and endangered species and severe interference in the Yichang reach still persisted.These research findings provide a scientific basis for managing fish resources in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and optimizing the “Ten-Year Fishing Ban” policy.