The Orah mandarin trees of identical age and management practices in Wuming District，Nanning City，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were used to identify microbial taxa significantly associated with fruit quality and establish a high-quality，high-yield，and ecologically safe system for cultivating Orah mandarin.The Orah mandarin trees were classified into three categories including high-quality （GW），medium-quality （MW），and low-quality （LW） based on the content of soluble solids，soluble sugar，vitamin C，titratable acidity in the fruit produced and the yield indexes of fruit.High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the structure of bacterial and fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of Orah mandarin trees with different fruit quality，and compare the differences in the composition of community.The results showed that there were significant differences in the structure of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of Orah mandarin trees with different fruit quality.The rhizosphere soil of GW was significantly enriched in bacterial taxa including Firmicutes，Proteobacteria，Bacillus and Chujaibacter，and fungal taxa including Ascomycota，Mortierellomycota and Chytridiomycota.The rhizosphere soil of MW was dominated by bacterial taxa including Chloroflexi，Acidobacteria and norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__AD3，and fungal taxa including Basidiomycota，Fusarium，Chaetomium and Humicola.The rhizosphere soil of LW was enriched in bacterial taxa including Actinobacteriota，Acidothermus，Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium，and fungal taxa including Penicillium，Neocosmospora，Roussoella and Purpureocillium.Overall，the rhizosphere soil of GW was enriched with a variety of microbial taxa associated with the promotion of plant growth and nutrient cycling，indicating that there is a significant correlation between the differences in fruit quality and the composition of microbial community in rhizosphere soil.