The genetic relationship and physicochemical properties of fruit were analyzed to compare the differences in fruit quality between the sweet orange （Citrus sinensis Osbeck） bud mutant “Hetaocheng” and its wild type.The results showed that “Hetaocheng” was a bud mutation of Newhall navel orange， with a genetic similarity （based on the genome sequence inference） as high as 96.6% and a similar phenology period.The average single fruit weight of “Hetaocheng” in Wuhan was 90.11 g， significantly lower than that of Newhall navel orange（188.46 g）.The content of total soluble solids （TSS） was 10.9%， with no significant difference compared to that of Newhall navel orange.The content of total carotenoid in the peel of “Hetaocheng” was 309.96 μg/g， significantly lower than that of Newhall navel orange（357.73 μg/g）， while the content of total carotenoid in the pulp was 31.57 μg/g， significantly higher than that of Newhall navel orange（24.50 μg/g）.The content of α-carotene， α-cryptoxanthin and lutein in the peel and pulp of “Hetaocheng” was significantly higher than that of Newhall navel orange.It is indicated that the fruit size， peel hardness， and the content of carotenoid in the bud mutant “Hetaocheng” have significant changes compared to that in the wild type.