The agricultural microbiology industry is a new and strategic industry leading the green transformation of agriculture and ensuring food security globally，and has become a key arena of bio-economic competition in global.This article systematically reviewed the development pattern of the agricultural microbiology industry in six major subfields including biopesticides，biological veterinary drugs，biofeeds，biofertilizers，bioremediation agents，and biotechnology based on the perspective of global competition.The gap in industrial development between domestic and international markets was analyzed.It was found that the agricultural microbiology industry in China had a clear hierarchical distribution and structural imbalance in the six major fields mentioned above.Biofeeds and biofertilizers were at the stage of following，while biopesticides，biological veterinary drugs，and bioremediation agents at the stage of catching up.However，agricultural biotechnology lagged significantly behind.The domestic industry still currently faces multiple bottlenecks including the weak technology with original innovation at the bottom，the imbalanced pattern of industry and structure of product，and the imperfect system of global competition.The targeted recommendations were accordingly proposed from three aspects including tackling bottlenecks of original innovation，optimizing the ecology of industrial competition，and enhancing the discourse power of industry in global to promote agricultural microbiology industry in China to move towards the high-end of the value chain in global，comprehensively enhance the international competitiveness of the industry，and assist in the construction of an agricultural powerhouse.