With the worsening of environmental pollution，the impact of various environmental toxins on the reproductive systems of livestock has become a critical factor restricting the development of animal husbandry.This paper systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which common toxins in the agricultural environment，including mycotoxins，plasticizers，polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，and polychlorinated biphenyls，etc.，affect oocyte quality.It focuses on how these toxins impair oocyte maturation and embryonic development through mechanisms such as inducing oxidative stress，damaging the cytoskeleton，and causing mitochondrial dysfunction.Additionally，the paper provides a comprehensive summary of current protective strategies，particularly highlighting the protective effects of natural substances such as melatonin，grape seed proanthocyanidins，and glycine，along with their molecular targets.Furthermore，from the perspective of practical application in animal husbandry，this paper evaluates the potential of these protective strategies to enhance livestock reproductive efficiency.It proposes that future research should focus on whole-animal exposure models，the combined effects of multiple toxins，and optimizing delivery efficiency，with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling reproductive disorders caused by environmental pollution.