Page 33 - 《华中农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期

第 6 期 鲁剑巍 等：我国冬油菜养分精准调控策略与高效施肥技术体系 25

Strategy of precisely controlling nutrient and system of efficient
fertilization technology for winter rapeseed in China

LU Jianwei,REN Tao,LI Xiaokun,CONG Rihuan,LU Zhifeng,
ZHANG Yangyang,LIU Shishi,LIAO Shipeng,ZHU Jun
College of Resources and Environment/Microelement Research Center，
Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China

Abstract Winter rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） is an important oil crop in China and a major winter
rotation crop in southern China. Developing rapeseed production is of great strategic significance for ensur⁃
ing the safe supply of food and oil in China. Since the beginning of the 21st century， the previous fertiliza⁃
tion technology is no longer suitable for new production models due to the shift from transplanting rapeseed
to direct seeding and light planting. The development of the rapeseed industry has put forward new require⁃
ments for the theory and technology of fertilization. This article summarized the progress in the field of rape⁃
seed fertilization technology in China in the past 20 years. The workers from agricultural science and tech⁃
nology in China proposed a precise nutrient regulation strategy for winter rapeseed through collaborative ef⁃
forts， which involves the combination of nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， boron， and magnesium， partic⁃
ularly in the promotion of nutrients at the early stage of growth and stabilization of nutrients at the later
stages of growth. A nutrient regulation method including “precise fertilization to strengthen seedlings and
promote high yield” at the early stage and “relying on stable soil nutrient supply to promote efficient and
stable yield” at the later stage for winter rapeseed was established. The “five precision” rapeseed efficient
fertilization technology with “precise source， precise ratio， precise rate， precise time， and precise place”
as the core was innovated. A series of new fertilizer products including balanced fertilizers with a specialized
formula of required nutrients， slow-release fertilizers， and controlled-release urea were developed. A light，
simple， and efficient fertilization model was established， optimized and applied at large-scale， supporting
the green， high-quality， and efficient development of the rapeseed industry. In response to the new opportu⁃
nities and challenges faced by winter rapeseed production in China， prospects including strengthening effi⁃
cient fertilization techniques for short-growth-period rapeseed in southern China， developing fertilization
techniques suitable for the multifunctional utilization of rapeseed， exploring nutrient management techniques
to cope with climate change， further strengthening the research and development of new high-efficiency spe⁃
cialized fertilizer products and innovation in fertilization technology matching with the development of mod⁃
ern agriculture， and attaching importance to the breeding and application of rapeseed varieties with high nu⁃
trient efficiency are proposed from the perspective of fertilization technology.
Keywords direct seeding of winter rapeseed；nutrient regulation；high nutrient efficiency；precision
fertilization； light and simple planting

（责任编辑：张志钰）