Page 84 - 《华中农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期

第 2 期 王博博 等：东北中部黑土连续秸秆还田下玉米适宜氮肥用量研究 79

Optimum nitrogen application rate for maize under continuous straw

returning in black soil of central Northeast China

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WANG Bobo ,XU Xinpeng ,HOU Yunpeng ,HU Cheng ,HE Ping ,WU Yupeng 1
1.College of Resources and Environment，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China；
2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning，Chinese Academy
of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China；
3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment，Jilin Academy of
Agricultural Sciences，Changchun 130033，China；
4.Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer，Hubei Academy of Agricultural
Sciences，Wuhan 430064，China

Abstract In order to determine the appropriate nitrogen （N） fertilizer application rate for maize

under straw returning in the black soil of central Northeast China ，a site-specific field experiment from
2017 to 2020 was conducted in Gongzhuling County of Jilin Province. The experiment had set 6 differ⁃
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ent N fertilizer rates （0，70，140，210，280 and 350 kg/hm ）to analyze the effects of N on maize
yield，N fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil N balance under straw returning ，and to explore the rela⁃
tionship among N fertilizer rate ，maize yield and N surplus rate under straw return. The results showed
that the maize yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of N fertilizer application rate un⁃
der straw returning condition ，but the amount of N application to obtain the highest yield was decreasing
with the extension of experiment ，reduced by 15. 8%. The cumulative agronomic efficiency ，the recov⁃
ery efficiency and the partial factor productivity of N application in maize all decreased with increasing
rate of N fertilizer application. In additin，soil N residues were significantly increased by 13. 0% and
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33. 6% at high N application rates（280 and 350 kg/hm ）compared with the soil before planting ，re⁃
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spectively，while their cumulative apparent N losses reached 578 and 833 kg/hm . The correlation anal⁃
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ysis showed that the N fertilizer rate was 188. 9 kg/hm ，yield was 11 850 kg/hm ，N recovery efficien⁃
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cy was 40. 1% and N loss was 65. 7 kg/hm when the surplus rate was 0. The results indicated that the
appropriate N fertilizer rate under straw returning conditions could significantly improve maize yield and
N use efficiency ，and reduce the apparent N loss. Considering the crop yield ，theoretical surplus rate
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and apparent soil N balance ，to apply 179. 5-198. 4 kg/hm N fertilizer was the appreciate range under
long-term straw incorporation in the experiment region.
Keywords straw returning; nitrogen application rate; nitrogen utilization efficiency; nitrogen loss;
nutrients balance; maize; utilization of straw resources

（责任编辑：赵琳琳）