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68                                 华 中 农 业 大 学 学 报                                    第 41 卷

               本研究中土壤的硝化速率与有机质、总氮、速效磷                               of biochar utilization in agriculture[J].Scientia agricultura si⁃
               以及速效钾含量有关(图 5),所以不同生物炭对土                             nica,2013,46(16):3324-3333(in Chinese with English ab⁃
                                                                    stract).
               壤养分含量的影响导致了硝化速率具有显著性差
                                                               [6] 王瑞峰,赵立欣,沈玉君,等 . 生物炭制备及其对土壤理化
               异。同时,添加不同原料生物炭对氨氧化过程关键                               性 质 影 响 的 研 究 进 展[J]. 中 国 农 业 科 技 导 报 ,2015,17
               酶具有显著影响(图 4),进而影响土壤硝化作用,但                            (2):126-133.WANG R F,ZHAO L X,SHEN Y J,et al.
                                                                    Research progress on preparing biochar and its effect on soil
               3 种硝化酶均与平均净硝化速率无显著相关性。因
                                                                    physio-chemical properties[J]. Journal of agricultural science
               此,本研究中土壤 pH 及养分含量是影响硝化作用
                                                                    and technology,2015,17(2):126-133(in Chinese with Eng⁃
               进行的主要因素(图 6)。此外,反硝化作用是氮素                             lish abstract).
               损失的重要途径,施加生物炭能够对反硝化作用产                          [7] YU M J,LIANG S J,DAI Z M,et al.Plant material and its
               生影响   [36] 。水稻秸秆生物炭和木屑生物炭也可能                         biochar differ in their effects on nitrogen mineralization and ni⁃
                                                                    trification in a subtropical forest soil[J/OL].Science of the to⁃
               是通过抑制反硝化作用的进行来提高土壤硝态氮                                tal environment,2021,763:143048[2021-11-22]. https://
               含量,从而提高了硝化速率。                                        doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143048.
                   总之,生物炭与肥料配施改变了酸性红壤 pH、                      [8] 夏浩,张梦阳,刘波,等 . 生物炭对作物氮肥利用率影响的
                                                                    整合分析[J]. 华中农业大学学报 ,2021,40(3):177-186.
               养分含量、酶活性等理化性质,从而影响了土壤中
                                                                    XIA H,ZHANG M Y,LIU B,et al.Effect of biochar on ni⁃
               氮素的矿化作用和硝化作用,并且不同生物炭处理                               trogen use efficiency of crops:a Meta-analysis[J].Journal of
               之间存在显著差异。同一条件下,施用水稻秸秆生                               Huazhong Agricultural University,2021,40(3):177-186(in
               物炭对红壤的改良效果高于木屑生物炭和稻壳生                                Chinese with English abstract).
                                                               [9] BENGTSSON G,BENGTSON P,MÅNSSON K F.Gross
               物炭;3 种生物炭均抑制了氮素的矿化作用,但对硝
                                                                    nitrogen mineralization- ,immobilization- ,and nitrification
               化作用的影响不一致,水稻秸秆炭和木屑炭能固持                               rates as a function of soil C/N ratio and microbial activity[J].
               土壤硝态氮并提高硝化速率,而稻壳生物炭抑制了                               Soil biology and biochemistry,2003,35(1):143-154.
                                                               [10] 陈玉真,王峰,吴志丹,等 . 添加生物质炭对酸性茶园土壤
               土壤硝化作用。土壤中氮素的转化与土壤理化性
                                                                    pH 和氮素转化的影响[J]. 茶叶学报,2016,57(2):64-70.
               质息息相关,适合的生物炭与肥料配施有利于土壤
                                                                    CHEN Y Z,WANG F,WU Z D,et al.Effect of biochar ad⁃
               氮素的固持,减少氮素的损失。                                       dition on pH and nitrogen transformation in acidic soil at tea
                                                                    plantations[J].Acta tea sinica,2016,57(2):64-70(in Chi⁃
               参考文献 References                                      nese with English abstract).
                                                               [11] 潘凤娥,胡俊鹏,索龙,等 . 添加玉米秸秆及其生物质炭对
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