Abstract:Genuine medicinal materials was listed as one of the Ten Leading Agricultural Industry Chains by Hubei Provincial Committee of the CCP and Hubei Provincial People’s Government in 2021.It will provide an unprecedented opportunity for Genuine medicinal materials industry in Hubei province.This paper systematically reviewed the current status of Genuine medicinal materials industry in Hubei Province from three aspects:industrial bases,industrial strength and industrial convergence.In this paper,the advantages of the Genuine medicinal materials industry in Hubei Province,such as the support of policies,the abundance of historic traditional resources,the formation of dominant areas,the outstanding advantages of key species and obvious social benefits were further summerized.As well as,some limits were analyzed such as low quality of development,insufficient local brand,lack of leading enterprises pull,weak science and technology policy,insuffient product research and development and deficiencant integration of three industries.Meanwhile,feasible strategies and measures were put forward to promote the highquality development of Genuine medicinal materials industry in Hubei Province.

Abstract:83 pairs of SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 81A. lancea materials and 5 Atractylodes macrocephala in different regions of Hubei Province and to construct DNA fingerprints. At the same time,the phenotypic data and medicinal quality of 86 materials were investigated,and chemical fingerprints were constructed. The results showed that a total of 420 loci were amplified by 83 pairs of SSR primers,and the number of polymorphic loci accounted for 97.14%. The genetic distance of cluster analysis based on SSR molecular markers was 0.63（A. lancea and A. macrocephala can be completely separated）. The genetic analysis of the population structure of different populations of materials revealed that the genetic variation originated from within the population,not between the populations. The correlation analysis and cluster analysis of the phenotypic data and the medicinal quality data of the materials tested found that there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between the length of the bottom 4 leaves and the width of the bottom 4 leaves,the culm color,the culm diameter,the plant height,between the depth of leaf cracks and the number of branches in the upper part,between the culm color and the culm shape,and between the culm diameter and the number of branches in the upper part. There was a significant negative correlation between the culm shape and the number of branches in the lower part. The Q value (ratio of oil area and total root area) was significantly negatively correlated with the content of atractylodine. The content of β-eucalyptus was significantly positively correlated with the content of ether extract. The similarity of fingerprints of the materials tested was 0.80-1.00,and the similarity of Atractylodes macrocephala and Atractylodes macrocephala reached 0.89 through comparing the similarity of HPLC chemical fingerprint and analyzing the cluster of shared peak areas after quantification. It is indicated that the genetic background of A. lancea and A. macrocephalaare quite different,and the genetic basis of A. lancea is more complicated than that of A. macrocephala. There are big differences between the two active ingredients,but the difference between A. macrocephala materials is relatively small. Two different varieties of A. lanceaand A. macrocephala can be distinguished from the genetic level. It will provide a theoretical basis for screening and identifying A. lanceolata cultivars with high yield,high quality,disease resistant and high active ingredients.

Abstract:SSR primers were designed and developed according to unigenes by analyzing the transcriptome data of Pinellia ternate.The screened SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity among different populations of Pinellia ternata and provide support for molecular markerassisted breeding of Pinellia ternata.The results showed that the selected 19 pairs of primers with high polymorphism detected 49 polymorphic loci in 17 Pinellia populations,indicating that the polymorphism is high.The 17 Pinellia populations were divided into 3 taxa using UPGMA mapping.The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variation within the Pinellia population reached 88%,indicating that the difference between populations is relatively small,and the genetic variation mainly comes from between individuals.The average differentiation coefficient Fst between populations was 0.124,and the gene flow Nm value was 1.765,indicating that gene exchange can be carried out normally among populations,and the genetic differentiation among populations is greatly affected by gene flow.The 19 pairs of SSR primers developed by SSR technology in this article have certain versatility and polymorphism among different Pinellia populations,and can clearly distinguish 17 Pinellia materials.

Abstract:Endophytes induced the biosynthesis or accumulation of the active components of the host medicinal plants,making the production and distribution of these active components different in species,organs,tissues and growth stages. F. hupehensis was a geo-authentic crude drug in Enshi area with a long medicinal history. Peiminine B was the main active component in F. hupehensis,with its functions of anti-colonic cancer,relieving myocarditis,alleviating lung injury and etc.We use gas chromatography (GC) to determine the content of peiminine B in bulbs,flowers and leaves of F. hupehensis to explore the content of peiminine B,the composition of endophytes and the antibacterial activity of its secondary metabolites in different tissues of F. hupehensis. The 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing were used to identify the species of endophytic bacteria or fungi,respectively. The agar diffusion method and double dilution method were used to study the antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytes against 10 strains of bacteria tested. The results showed that the content of peiminine B in leaves of F. hupehensis was the highest with (3.99±0.10) mg/g,which was 1.78 and 4.24 times as much as that in bulb and flower,respectively. Four strains of endophytes were isolated from F. hupehensis,identified as Pseudomonassp. BM-X-6,Arthriniumsp. BM-Z-5,Aspergillus sp. BM-Z-1 and Aspergillus sp. BM-Z-3. The secondary metabolites of three endophytic fungi had stronger antibacterial activity than Pseudomonas sp.BM-X-6. Meanwhile Arthriniumsp. BM-Z-5 had the broadest antibacterial spectrum,which showed moderate antibacterial activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Micrococcus luteus,Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). It will provide a reference for expanding the medicinal parts and effectively saving resources of F. hupehensis and will provide a novel way to alleviate bacterial resistance and develop new antibacterial drugs.

Abstract:In order to explore the dynamic change process of the main active components of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. with growth years in Shiyan area,Hubei Province,and to determine the suitable harvest period for the artificial cultivation of Polygonum multiflorumThunb.,HPLC was used to continuously determine the contents of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) and anthraquinones with different forms in different organs of P. multiflorum Thunb. at different growth stages after transplanting. Results showed that the underground dry matter of P. multiflorum Thunb. continued to increase within 3 years after transplanting,with the fastest increase within 2 years and significant decrease of the growth rate in the third year. The decreasing order of the contents of THSG and anthraquinones in different organs of P. multiflorum Thunb. was unexpanded root＞root tuber＞stem. The contents of THSG and anthraquinones in leaves were very small and difficult to be detected. The contents of THSG and anthraquinones in root of P. multiflorum Thunb. increased almost linearly within 2 years after transplanting,reaching the maximum value in December of the second year. There was no significant difference between the content of THSG and anthraquinones in the third year compared with that in the same period of the second year. The overall difference in the content of THSG and anthraquinones in stems in 3 years was not significant,but there were obvious fluctuations in different seasons,with the highest content in December each year. The quality and yield of P. multiflorumThunb. in Shiyan area in December of the second year after transplanting are relatively optimal,which can be used as a reference for the suitable harvest period of P. multiflorum Thunb. artificially cultivated in this area.

Abstract:In order to investigate the inhibition effect of Artemisia argyi powder (a byproduct of A. argyi var. argyi ‘Qiai’ made of moxa) on plant pathogenic fungi and the potential to develop botanical fungicides,A. argyi powder were extracted by water,50% ethanol,ethanol,ethyl acetate and petroleum ether,and the fingerprints of different solvent extracts were established to compare the differences. Meanwhile,the antifungal activity of different extracts was tested to screen the strongest antifungal active parts in the A. argyi powder. In addition,the virulence equation and EC50 value of the ethyl acetate extract against nine kinds of plant pathogenic fungi were determined by the mycelial growth rate method. Finally,the morphological changes of the colonies were observed,and the hyphae microscopic structure and spores were observed by fluorescence inverted microscope. The results showed that polar solvents (ethyl acetate,ethanol and water) had higher extraction rate than nonpolar solvents (petroleum ether),and there were great differences in the properties and components among the five solvent extracts. Among them,the fingerprints of pure ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract were similar,and the main components were kaempferol,jaceosidin,eupatilin and other flavonoids. The antifungal activities of the five solvent extracts of A. argyi powder against plant pathogenic fungi were as follows:ethyl acetate＞ethanol＞50% ethanol＞petroleum ether＞water. The ethyl acetate extract of the A. argyi powder had significant inhibitory effect on a variety of plant pathogenic fungi,especially on Sclerotium rolfsii,Magnaporth grisea,Gloeosporium theae-sinensis,Alternaria alternata and Cercospora nicotianae,with EC50 values of 1.63,2.88,3.38,5.73 and 5.77 g/L,respectively. Moreover,ethyl acetate extract can also affect the growth and development of plant pathogenic fungi and change their colony morphology by inhibiting mycelial germination and changing the secondary metabolites. Furthermore,microscopic observation showed that the treatment ofethyl acetate extract could reduce the number of spores,shrink the mycelium,enhance the membrane permeability of pathogens,and therefore inhibit their reproduction and growth progress. In conclusion,ethyl acetate extract of A. argyi powder has broadspectrum antifungal activities,which has great potential of developing botanical fungicides.

Abstract:In recent years,the price of Chinese herbal medicines has fluctuated violently on many occasions,with high frequency and large amplitude,which has affected the healthy development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry. Predicting the market price and price index of Chinese herbal medicines is of great significance to the smooth operation and healthy development of the Chinese herbal medicines market. The price index of 30 Chinese herbal medicines from the website of Chinese herbal medicine and the HP-LSTM-MLP hybrid forecasting model was used to predict the price index and comprehensive price index of Chinese medicinal materials,and to compare and analyze with LSTM (Long-short-term memory network),RNN (recurrent neural network),GRU (gated recurrent unit) and other predictive models. Results showed that among the two predictive effect measures of RMSE and R2score,the HP-LSTM-MLP hybrid prediction model has an RMSE of 65.33 and R2score of 0.99,which are better than that of the other three models. Finally,the generalization ability of the HP-LSTM-MLP model was analyzed. The comprehensive price index and singlevariety price index of 30 main Chinese herbal medicines in China was predicted. The average relative error of the comprehensive price index of Chinese herbal medicines was 1.89%. Among the single varieties,the average relative errors of Coptis,Forsythia and Ophiopogon was 3.36%,5.66% and 3.22%,respectively. It is indicated that the model has good generalization ability and has certain application value for the predicting the price index of Chinese herbal medicines in China.

Abstract:Plastic film mulching (PFM) is one of the most widely applied agricultural technology in China,which changes the distribution of cotton planting regions and greatly improves the development of cotton industry in China. Two methods including on-site investigations and literature and statistical data collection were used to conduct a largescale sampling of the characteristics of mulch film application and residual pollution in main cotton areas in China to obtain first-hand data. At the same time,the application and data of cotton film mulching technology in the past few decades are sorted and summarized. The changing characteristics of cotton production pattern in China were reviewed. The effects of mulching technology on cotton industry in China were analyzed. The characteristics and trends of residual pollution of mulch film in the soil of main cotton farmland were discussed. The results showed that cotton yield increased sharply to today’s 2 000 kg/hm2 in Xinjiang after wide application of PFM technology,which is much larger than that in the Yangtze or Yellow River Basin. Therefore,China’s main cotton planting area has migrated from previous Yangtze and Yellow River Basin to today’s Northwest inland region. However,residue accumulation of plastic film has become a serious problem and affects sustainable development of cotton industry. The residue accumulation of plastic film in the soil after 10 and 20 years of PFM application in Xinjiang was 259.7±36.78 kg/hm2 and 307.9±35.84 kg/hm2,respectively. Therefore,PFM technique will continue to play a key role in maintaining the stability of cotton production,and plastic film pollution will be more and more serious in the future. We must take some powerful actions to control residual pollution of plastic derived from PFM in China.

Abstract:In order to find the regulatory genes related to symbiotic nitrogen fixation in rhizobia,homologous recombination was used to knock out 10 up-regulated genes during the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of Lotus japonicus and  Rhizobium MAFF303099.The results showed that the nitrogenase activity of the Δmlr5883 was 40% lower than that of the wild-type MAFF303099. The morphology of infected cells did not change significantly,and replenishing mlr5883 restored nitrogenase activity. It is predicted that mlr5883 encodes an aspartate aminotransferase. The aspartate aminotransferase activity of this MLR5883 was 16.67 U/mg in vitro. The mutation of mlr5883 affected the efficiency of nitrogen fixation,indicating that it may be involved in the metabolic process of supplying carbon sources to plants.

Abstract:Ferrihydrite is one of the most common iron (oxyhydr)oxides in the environment.Owing to its large specific surface area and unique features of structure,ferrihydrite plays an important role in controlling the transport and fate of various pollutants.As a metastable mineral,ferrihydrite can be transformed into other iron (oxyhydr)oxides under certain conditions.Aluminum (Al) commonly exists in the environment during the formation and transformation of various iron (oxyhydr)oxides,and thus may probably play an important role in the formation and transformation of ferrihydrite,which is rarely explored.In the present study,modern spectroscopy techniques including powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to study the effect of Al3+ substitution on the transformation process of ferrihydrite into hematite.The results showed that selfassembly process of primary nanoparticles and Ostwald ripening process was involved in transforming ferrihydrite into hematite.On one hand,Al3+ substitution reduced the conversion rate of ferrihydrite to hematite.On the other hand,Al3+ substitution promotes the conversion of edge-sharing [FeO6] to face-sharing [FeO6],resulting in the transformation of ferrihydrite into hematite.

Abstract:Bi2O3/BiOI step-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized with green calcination method and its degradation ability of tetracycline was investigated.The photocatalytic performance of the Bi2O3/BiOI heterojunction,Bi2O3 and BiOI was compared.The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectrograph (XPS).The degradation rate of tetracycline was analyzed with spectrophotometry.The result of calculation showed that the degradation rate of tetracycline was 92.4% in two hours.The first order kinetic rate constant was 0.018 59 min-1.The result of calculation with density functional theory showed that the work function of Bi2O3 and BiOI was 3.0 eV and 6.0 eV,respectively.When this step-scheme heterojunction was used as a photocatalyst,the weaker electrons in the conduction band of BiOI were combined with the weaker holes in the Bi2O3 valence band under the combined effect with built-in electric field and band bending,retaining strong reducing and oxidizing ability of photoelectrons and holes,which may be the reason why Bi2O3/BiOI step-scheme heterojunction has higher photocatalytic activity.

Abstract:According to the relationship between emotional arousal and spatial perception and using the electrical skin signal to represent the degree of emotional arousal,a measurement experiment of emotional arousal in travel situations based on physiological signals was designed to study the relationship between the emotional experience of tourists in the process of traditional rural tourism and the tourism situation and spatial elements,and to establish an analysis framework of tourism situation perception using natural landscape situations,historical and cultural situations,and rural life situations as the main investigation situations,and tourist attractions including viewing,information,and experience as the main spatial elements.Through recruiting 28 experimental participants to conduct field emotion measurement experiments on the experimental path of Pingshan Village,Yixian County,Huangshan City,Anhui Province,the overall emotional arousal degree distribution results of the subjects were obtained,and the questionnaire survey was used to obtain distribution frequency of the spatial elements in the emotional arousal area.The results showed that there are more emotional arousalareas in the historical and cultural situations and local life situations of traditional villages,which are more attractive to tourists.Different attractive elements have different effects in different situations,that is,the overall balanced distribution of attractive elements is the basis for tourists to produce emotional arousal.The elements of ornamental attraction play a key role in the emotional arousal of different types of tourism situations.Information index elements have a basic role in different tourism situations.The experiential space elements need to be controlled in a moderate proportion to cause emotional arousal of tourists.

Abstract:Comprehensive land consolidation in the whole region was born out of the construction of ecological civilization and the strategy of rural revitalization.Because of its scientific content,forwardlooking planning and comprehensive measures,it has become a new form of land consolidation.1 461 core journals,CSSCI and CSCD literature with the theme of "land consolidation" in CNKI database from 2010 to 2021 were studied with CiteSpace visual literature analysis software.The knowledge map of key words cooccurrence,research hotspot evolution time zone and main mutation words was drawn.The research hotspot on land remediation and stage analysis from land remediation to global remediation was carried out.The theoretical context,key areas and cutting-edge dynamics of the two was discussed.The results showed that the research hotspot on land consolidation in China has always focused on the goal of arable land protection from 2010 to 2021,mainly focusing on three aspects including land consolidation,land use and comprehensive land consolidation.Taking arable land protection as the axis,the evolution process of land consolidation since 2010 has been divided into three stages:traditional regulation,ecological transformation and comprehensive land consolidation.Finally,some suggestions for adjusting the regulation concept,improving the regulation efficiency and combining with the rural revitalization strategy under the premise of continuing to adhere to the goal of arable land protection and the construction of ecological civilization were put forward.

Abstract:The shaded fruits in the inner canopy of Orah mandarin and the fruits with sufficient light at the periphery of the canopy were used to compare and analyze the comprehensive effects of light conditions on the appearance,color and internal quality of Orah mandarin. The results showed that the shaded fruits presented a deeper orangered color compared with the fruits with sufficient light. The content of total carotenoid in the peel of the shaded fruits increased by 2.87 times,and the main color pigments β-citraurin (red) and 9-cis-violaxanthin (orange yellow) were increased by 16.93 times and 6.47 times,respectively. The results of gene expression analysis showed that the main structural genes of carotenoid metabolic pathway were significantly up-regulated in shaded fruits. The expression of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD4b),a key gene for β-citraurin biosynthesis,increased by 11.78 times. It is indicated that shading can promote carotenoid accumulation in the peel of Orah mandarin by inducing the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis,and ultimately make the peel dark orange-red. The content of soluble solids,titratable acid,soluble sugar,organic acid and ascorbic acid in shaded fruit was much lower than that in the fruit with sufficient light,indicating that light conditions affected the internal quality of the fruit. It will provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of how light regulate fruit quality,and ultimately improving the fruit quality of citrus by breeding and cultivation.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of 78 self-incompatible lines of non-heading Chinese cabbage collected in the author’s laboratory was analyzed and the natural high temperature in summer in Wuhan was used to measure the heat injury indexes in order to screen nonheading Chinese cabbage varieties suitable for production under high temperature conditions in summer and to provide germplasm for breeding new heat-tolerant non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties. The results showed that Siji’aijiaotebaigengnaibaicai（Accession No. C72) had the lowest heat injury index among all the lines studied and its plants showed strong tolerance to high temperature. Compared with other lines,C72 had a higher enzymatic activity of both POD and SOD,lower content of malondialdehyde and lower relative conductivity,further indicating that C72 has stronger heat tolerance. It will provide a theoretical basis and germplasm for discovering and screening heat-tolerant non-heading cabbage resources in the Yangtze River Basin in summer,and guarantee the whole-year supply of non-heading Chinese cabbage in the Yangtze River Basin in China in summer.

Abstract:Pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase 1) is an important digestive enzyme that has been used to study the adaptative evolution of some herbivores to herbivorous diet. Although there have been many functional studies of RNase 1 in mammals,there is little research in fish. In this study,we identified and analyzed the RNase 1 genes from 9 cyprinid fish including herbivorous Ctenopharyngodon idella and Megalobrama amblycephala,omnivorous Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Hypophthalmichthys nobilis,Cyprinus carpio,Xenocypris davidi and Danio rerio,carnivorous Culter alburnus and Elopichthys bambusa. We also detected the relative expression of the RNase 1 gene in different tissues in 4 fish species with different feeding habits (M. amblycephala,A. nobilis,C. alburnus and C. idella). The results showed that there was only one RNase 1 gene in the genomes of the 9 cyprinid fishes,and all the 9 identified fish RNase 1s have the signature motifs of the RNase A superfamily:N-terminal signal peptide,six conserved cysteine residues,the catalytic histidine-lysine-histidine triad and CKXXNTF motif. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the fish RNase 1s were clustered together. The RNase 1 genes expressed differently in different tissues of the 4 fish with different feeding habits,mainly expressed in the livers but not in the intestines.These results suggest that the evolution of RNase 1 in Cyprinidae is not related to the food habit of the species, but conforms to the evolutionary law of the species.

Abstract:To explore the growth performance of tetraploid offspring of Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus pengsenensis)♀×Xingguo red carp (Cyprinus carpiouar singuonensis)♂,and to explore the development and application prospects of the new Pengze crucian carp variety,the body weight and length data of tetraploid offspring of Pengze crucian carp (PX) and gynogenetic offspring of Pengze carp (PP) at 0,30,60,90,120,150 and 180 d after hatching were taken through the 180 d feeding experiments,and then the growth performance of the two offspring were analyzed. The results showed that during the 180 d experiment,the body weight and body length of PX were significantly different from those of PP. At the end of the experiment,the body weight and body length of PX were 30.18% and 7.70% higher than those of the PP. The absolute weight gain rate of the two groups showed a trend of first increasing,then decreasing and then increasing,reached the maximum at 30-60 d,reached the minimum at 90-120 d,and the difference between them was significant at 0-90 d and 120-180 d (P<0.05).The absolute growth rate showed the same trend,but there was no significant difference between the two groups after 90 d. It was found that the accumulation volume of the two offspring was different except for 90-150 d (P<0.05),and it reached the maximum value of 0.010 5±0.001 2 at 30-60 d. During 30-180 d,the coefficient of fatness of PX was significantly different from that of PP,indicating that the tetraploid offspring were more obese. The growth curve was obtained by fitting the relationship between body weight and body length in different periods,and the growth curve of PX and PP were:W=0.0320L2.991 5（R2=0.977 9）, and W=0.0307L2.9941,R2=0.982 7,respectively. To sum up,the hybrid tetraploid offspring of Pengze crucian carp ♀× Xingguo red carp♂show good growth performance,which has the potential of cultivating new variety of Pengze crucian carp and the value of promotion.

Abstract:In order to explore the development process of the intersecting research field of fishery resources and ecological environment,based on the core data set and extended data set of the research literature from 1900 to 2020 through Web of Science topics retrieval and citation linking method,using CiteSpace software,Bibliometrics analysis was carried out according to the paper year,journal distribution,research power distribution,research topic,hotspot evolution,etc. The results showed that the research process in the interdisciplinary research field of fishery resources and ecological environment could be divided into the budding period (1974-1990),the initial growth period (1991-2003),and the stable growth period (2004-present). The output of a series of research results showed an overall rising trend,and the distribution of journals showed a diversified pattern. Scholars such as Worm and Pauly have played an important role in promoting this intersecting research field,but the connection between China and main international research forces in this intersecting research field needs to be further strengthened. The research topics focus on fishery resource restoration,fishery resource dynamic management,ecosystem restoration,and ecological fisheries cooperative development,etc. The research focuses on topics from the development,utilization and protection of ecological fishery systems to the development,utilization and protection of ecological information fishery system,so as to provide a scientific basis for fishery resources management and ecological fishery models.

Abstract:Jun (Jun proto-oncogene,AP-1 transcription factor subunit) is a subunit or subfamily member of the transcription factor AP-1 and play an important role in host immune response.To further understand the function of jun gene in natural antiviral immunity of fish,the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was selected as the research fish model,and the homozygous mutant with jun deletion were obtained by CRISPR/CAS9 system and exposed to nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection.Based on the gene cloning,the open reading frame of the medaka jun is 921 bp encoding 306 amino acids,containing N terminal jun super family structure domain and C terminal bZIP family structure domain.The RNA expression was highly detected in all examined tissues including the eyes,brain,gill,heart,kidney,ovary,testis,liver,and spleen.The mutant jun-/- was reduced by 124 bp in the genome,leaving only 59 amino acids N-terminal sequences,and missing the Jun superfamily domain and bZIP domain.Antiviral experiments were then carried out on larval and adult fish of the mutant strain by administrating NNV.The results showed that the disease resistance of larval mutants was enhanced,and the relative content of virus in adult tissues including the eye,brain,gill and muscle were significantly lower than in the wild type.The expression of jun and interferon-related genes fosl1,tbk1and irf3 that was induced by NNV virus were detected by qRT-PCR.It was found that the expression of jun in the mutant was blocked compared to the wild type,the expression of fosl1 and tbk1 was differentially reduced,while the expression of irf3was significantly up-regulated,indicating that the inhibition of jun expression may promote the release of irf3.These results suggest that the jun mutant has the ability of virus tolerance,and jun may be a negative regulator of the antiviral signaling pathway.

Abstract:To explore the regulatory function of the twocomponent system (TCS) in Aeromonas hydrophila,envZ and ompR genes were knocked out via homologous recombination. In vitro,the growth of each strain under different salt concentration stress was tested,the biofilm formation capacity of each strain was compared via the crystal violet staining test,and the resistance to fish blood killing was examined via whole blood killing assay. In vivo,LD50 of each strain was calculated by infecting zebrafish,the systemic invasive ability of each strain in grass carp was compared,and the transcription levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative PCR. The results showed that the ΔenvZ/ompRgrowth did not show significant differences at different salt concentrations in vitro. However,with the deletion of envZ/ompR,the transcription levels of the downstream genes ompF and ompC were significantly affected. ΔenvZ/ompR also showed a significant decrease in biofilm formation and resistance to fish whole blood killing compared with the wild type. In the zebrafish scratch infection model,the LD50 of ΔenvZ/ompRincreased 4.8fold compared to the wild type,indicating reduced virulence. In the ΔenvZ/ompRinfected grass carp,the systemic spreading ability of ΔenvZ/ompRwas significantly weaken,and the transcript levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-αand IL-6 were significantly reduced in the spleen,head-kidney,and kidney. Taken together,the above results indicated that the TCS EnvZ/OmpR involved in response to osmotic stress,in the regulation of biofilm formation and in pathogenic processes,especially in the systemic diffusion process in the host.

Abstract:Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerged enteric coronavirus. In this study,five samples of piglet intestinal contents with diarrhea from two pig farms in Hebei Province were identified to be positive for PDCoV by RT-PCR assay,followed by the virus isolation through inoculation of treated samples on LLC-PK1 cells. The result showed that two PDCoV strains from various pig farms were successfully isolated and named as PDCoV CHN-HeB-A1 and CHN-HeB-B2 strains respectively,which were further identified by indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA),Western blot and electron microscopy assay. The results of IFA and Western blot confirmed that both virus strains can specifically react with monoclonal antibodies against PDCoV M protein. Virus particles with a diameter of 100-150 nm and a typical crown shape were obviously observed under electron microscopy,verifying both virus strains to be PDCoV. The results of whole genome sequencing and genetic evolution analysis showed that both PDCoV strains were homologous to the Chinese strain,with the similarity ranging from 98.7% to 99.1%,which were in the same cluster as the Hong Kong strain.

Abstract:In order to develop phage endolysin as a novel antibacterial agent for the prevention and control of Salmonella,the endolysin of Salmonella Typhimurium phage T139 was obtained by bioinformatics and heterologous expression of protein. The lytic activity of endolysin against Salmonella Typhimurium was verified. The genome of Salmonella Typhimurium phage T139 was analyzed and found to be 38 854 bp long,with an average GC content of 49.10% and no tRNA gene. The results of evolutionary tree analysis showed that phage T139 is belonged to the genus T7 phage with 43 ORFs predicted in total,23 ORFs being assigned known functions. The results of multiple sequence alignment and conserved structural domain analysis showed that the protein encoded by the orf 40 gene (LysT40) containing 126 amino acid residues with a conserved structural domain of phage endopeptidase,making it a possible phage endolysin. The presence of a large number of helical structures (70.63%) in the secondary structure of LysT40 allows the protein to maintain the stable structure. The endopeptidase gene orf 40 was heterologously expressed,purified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot to obtain a single target protein band at 10-15 ku at a purified protein concentration of 280 μg/mL. LysT40 had significantly lytic activity against chloroform or EDTA pretreated Salmonella Typhimurium within 30 min,with absorbance values OD600 decreasing by 0.18 and 0.31 compared to the control. It will provide a basis for developing phage endolysin as antimicrobial agents to control SalmonellaTyphimurium.

Abstract:The changes of nutrients,volatile substances and antioxidant properties during the compound fermentation of Goji juice by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum were investigated with HPLC and HS-SPME-GC-MS.The results showed that lactic acid bacteria grew well in Goji juice,and the pH value was significantly reduced.During the fermentation process,lactic acid bacteria used saccharose,glucose,and fructose as carbon sources to produce acid,and the content of lactic acid,acetic acid and aminobutyric acid were significantly increased,while the content of oxalic acid,malic acid and citric acid were decreased significantly.The composition and content of phenolic substances in Goji juice were significantly changed after fermentation.The content of protocatechuic acid was not detected in unfermented Goji juice,and increased to 40.55 μg/mL after fermentation.The content of catechins,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,3-hydroxycinnamic acid,and myricetin increased by 13.44%,42.40%,170.73% and 12.30%,respectively.Fermentation of lactic acid bacteria changed the composition and content of volatile components in Goji juice.The content of alcohols,acids,and olefins increased,while some substances including aldehydes and ketones decreased,and volatile components such as ethanol,1-hexanol,and linalool were newly produced after fermentation.The antioxidant capacity of Goji juice was significantly improved as well.The DPPH free radical scavenging rate,total reducing power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity increased by 21.42%,14.18%,and 51.75%,respectively.

Abstract:Tender buds of E’cha NO.10 from Xuanen County,Hubei Province were processed into dry tea according to different shaping methods including baking,carding,rolling and rubbing and carding leaves with different moisture content of 40%,37%,33% and 30%. The tea quality including appearance and components of main liquor quality was analyzed by sensory evaluation and physical-chemical test to study the effects of shaping methods on the tea quality and obtain the optimal shaping method of strip famous green tea. Results showed that the shape quality of tea was affected by different shaping methods. The scores of carding and rubbing were significantly higher than that of baking and rolling. Different shaping methods had important effects on the color of dry tea and tea soup. Taking various factors into consideration,the shape of tea by carding was tight and beautiful,and the overall quality was the best. With the decrease of moisture content of carding leaves,the strip of tea became tighter and the aroma concentration became higher. However,the green and luster of the dry tea and infused leaves decreased obviously,and the color became darker. The contents of total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a decreased significantly,while the contents of amino acids increased. The contents of tea polyphenols,soluble sugar and chlorophyll b did not change significantly. Combined with tea sensory evaluation and physicochemical index,the leaves with moisture content of 33%-37% after carding were the best.

Abstract:This article carried out two singlefactor simulation experiments based on computational fluid dynamics software to study the effects of different speeds (60,120,180,240 r/min) on the slurry circulation and the effects of different heating temperatures (45,50,55,60℃) on the temperature increase of the slurry at a certain speed in order to study characteristics of the flow and heat transfer of the slurry in the internal circulation slurry aerobic fermentation reactor,and to further optimize the working parameters of the reactor. To verify the computational model,a bench reactor was built to collect actual data of flow velocity distributed at the outlet of the diversion tube and temperature on the wall of the kettle body. The results showed that when the rotation speed of the stirrer was 120 r/min,the speed range of the nonstirring domain was 0.01-0.27 m/s,and the velocity vector had smaller fluctuations. A rotation speed of 120 r/min had a higher rate of circulation,with a circulation flow rate per revolution of stirrer of 3.77 L/r. When heating temperature of the wall was 55℃,heating at 120 r/min for 5 min increased the average temperature of the slurry from 15.00℃ to 36.98℃,indicating that the heating effect is obvious. The agreement between the measured results and the simulated results was good. The relative standard deviation between the measured value and the simulated value of the flow rate was 14.29%. The relative standard deviation between the measured value and the simulated value of the temperature was 10.78%. It was proved that the computational model is an effective way of describing the complex and dynamic circulation process of the stirring bioreactor. It will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the working parameters of reactor.

Abstract:In order to meet the sustainability of future food supply and consumers’ demand for nutrition and health,plantbased meat products have received continuous attention from the market in recent years. Although plant-based meat products with fibrous textures have been prepared,having the same nutrition and sensory attributes as animal meat tissues is the ultimate goal of structure design of plant-based meat products. We describes the structure and function of animal meat components,summarizes the raw material composition and processing technology of plant-based meat products,and compares the differences between plant-based meat products and animal meat. Finally,the direction that needs to be explored in the construction of plantbased meat products is proposed from the perspective of structure design including optimizing plant-based fibrosis technology,developing new protein resources,constructing adipose tissue and connective tissue equivalents,and regulating characteristics and flavors. It is expected to provide a reference for the development of novel plant-based meat products.

Abstract:The quality detection of poultry egg is an important safeguard for food safety and consumer rights.Traditional methods of detection mainly rely on manual labor,which has disadvantages including high intensity of work,low efficiency,and large fluctuations in accuracy.Spectral detection technology has the advantages of fast,safe,non-destructive,so it has developed rapidly in detecting internal quality of poultry eggs in recent years.This article summarizes the progress of near-infrared spectroscopy,visible-near-infrared spectroscopy,hyperspectral imaging technology and Raman spectroscopy in the non-destructive detection of poultry eggs internal quality including freshness,protein content,fat content,blood spot and meat spot,information of fertilization,sex of breeding egg and viability of egg embryo.The characteristics and difficulties of applying spectral detection technology in non-destructive testing of poultry eggs are analyzed.The development trend of spectroscopic technology is prospected.It will provide technical support for supervising the quality and safety of egg industry in China.

Abstract:The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Biosafety Lawof the People’s Republic of China (referred to as the Biosafety Law) and came into force since April 15,2021. The Biosafety Law is the first framework law of biosafety with a fundamental and overall nature in China,which only stipulates basic principles and requirements. The security of research and application of biotechnology,the biosafety of pathogenic microorganism laboratories,and the prevention of bioterrorism and biological weapons threats are the three main contents of the eight aspects of biosafety risks involved in the Biosafety Law,and synthetic biology is closely related to these three aspects. Synthetic biology,as a hotspot of global research and disruptive cutting-edge biotechnology in recent years,can be applied to artificially synthesized viruses or bacteria. There are risks and threats of creating bioterrorism and biological weapons,and its regulation is of great concern as well. This article first expounds the significance of implementing the Biosafety Law to the development of biotechnology safety,then introduces the definition and development of synthetic biology,analyzes the risks faced by synthetic biology,reviews the regulation of synthetic biology among different countries,and points out that the introduction of the Biosafety Law has established a framework for the management of synthetic biology in China. Finally,it proposes how to better strengthen the prevention and control of synthetic biology risks at the legal and technical levels.