SSR primers were designed and developed according to unigenes by analyzing the transcriptome data of Pinellia ternate.The screened SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity among different populations of Pinellia ternata and provide support for molecular markerassisted breeding of Pinellia ternata.The results showed that the selected 19 pairs of primers with high polymorphism detected 49 polymorphic loci in 17 Pinellia populations,indicating that the polymorphism is high.The 17 Pinellia populations were divided into 3 taxa using UPGMA mapping.The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variation within the Pinellia population reached 88%,indicating that the difference between populations is relatively small,and the genetic variation mainly comes from between individuals.The average differentiation coefficient Fst between populations was 0.124,and the gene flow Nm value was 1.765,indicating that gene exchange can be carried out normally among populations,and the genetic differentiation among populations is greatly affected by gene flow.The 19 pairs of SSR primers developed by SSR technology in this article have certain versatility and polymorphism among different Pinellia populations,and can clearly distinguish 17 Pinellia materials.