基于线性模型预测控制算法的履带底盘轨迹跟踪控制
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华中农业大学工学院

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湖北省农机补短板核心技术应用攻关项目(HBSNYT202218)


Trajectory Tracking Control for Tracked Chassis Based on Linear Model Predictive Control Algorithm
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College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University

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    摘要:

    针对履带底盘在田间作业时,因地面起伏冲击与噪声干扰而导致的轨迹跟踪精度低、稳定性差等问题,本文基于线性模型预测控制算法,设计了一种轨迹跟踪控制器。该方法基于履带底盘运动学,以底盘位姿为状态量、左右轮速为控制量建立状态偏差模型,并通过求解带约束的二次规划问题,实现轨迹跟踪的最优控制。基于Matlab/Simulink搭建控制器仿真模型,对MPC控制器参数进行系统分析,发现预测时域与控制时域对系统的跟踪精度与实时性影响显著,而权重系数则对控制平滑程度影响较大。为验证控制器性能,研究同时进行了仿真与田间试验。结果表明:在以 1 m/s 速度行驶时,直线跟踪的平均横向误差为 4.41 cm(标准差 4.50 cm),平均航向误差为 0.0306 rad(标准差 0.0382 rad);曲线跟踪的平均横向误差为 9.83 cm(标准差 10.57 cm),平均航向误差为 0.0646 rad(标准差 0.0911 rad)。试验结果证明,所设计的 MPC 控制器能够有效实现无人履带底盘在田间复杂轨迹下的精准、稳定跟踪控制。

    Abstract:

    In field operations of tracked chassis, due to the impact and noise caused by uneven ground, the trajectory tracking control accuracy is low and the stability is poor. In this paper, a trajectory tracking controller suitable for tracked chassis is designed based on the linear model predictive control algorithm. This method takes the chassis position as the state variable and the speed of the left and right track wheels as the control variable. A state deviation model is established based on the kinematic model of the tracked chassis, and the trajectory tracking control of the chassis is optimized and solved by constructing a quadratic programming problem with constraints, achieving optimal control. A controller simulation model was built using Matlab/Simulink, and the parameters of the MPC controller were analyzed by this model. It was found that the time domain has a significant impact on the tracking accuracy and real-time performance, and the weight coefficient has a significant impact on the control smoothness. The specific parameters of the MPC controller were further determined. Additionally, the controller performance was verified through simulation and field tests using the determined parameters. When traveling at a speed of 1 m/s, the average lateral error of the tracked chassis' field trajectory tracking was 4.41 cm, with a standard deviation of 4.50 cm. The average lateral error of the curve tracking was 9.83 cm, with a standard deviation of 10.57 cm. The average heading error of the straight line was 0.0306 rad, with a standard deviation of 0.0382 rad, and the average heading error of the curve tracking was 0.0646 rad, with a standard deviation of 0.0911 rad. The test results show that the MPC controller designed in this study can achieve precise and stable tracking of complex trajectories in unmanned tracked chassis field operations.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-19
  • 最后修改日期:2026-03-26
  • 录用日期:2026-04-01
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