城市建成环境公园绿地对鸟类多样性的支持影响
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湖北美术学院

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湖北省教育厅科学研究计划资助中青年人才项目(Q20222301)


The supportive influence of park green spaces in urban built environments on avian diversity
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    摘要:

    为探究城市公园特征与鸟类多样性之间的关系,选取武汉主城区8个典型公园绿地作为研究对象,结合中国观鸟记录中心数据、实地调研(现场直接计数和鸣声调查)方法获取2022-2024年的鸟类观测记录,对城市建成环境公园绿地鸟类生境类型、生态类群、居留型、濒危珍惜种类等进行数据分析。研究显示:共记录鸟类18目58科143种。物种组成以雀形目占多数,居留型以留鸟和冬候鸟为主,鸣禽为各公园的主要生态类群;稀有种和罕见种多分布于人为干扰较少的公园大面积林地和湿地中;拥有自然植被的公园中分布的鸟种较多;生境组成类型越丰富,植被结构越复杂,对鸟类多样性作用越大。汉口江滩公园和武汉植物园2个公园内特有的生境类型显著促进了鸟类多样性,对稀有物种具有强吸引力。鸟类多样性状况与公园绿地面积、植被覆盖率、群落结构、周边自然化程度都呈正相关;群落结构因子对鸟类多样性影响最为显著。因此,在城市绿地中改善生境多样性,增加乡土植物应用,丰富植物群落结构对提高鸟类多样性具有积极意义。

    Abstract:

    Eight large urban parks in the built-up area of Wuhan were selected, and observational data from the public science platform for the three years of 2022 to 2024 were obtained. Analysis and comparison were conducted on the habitat types, bird species count, resident types, faunal composition, and endangered and rare species of birds, in order to assess the bird diversity status in Wuhan"s urban park green spaces. It was concluded that Wuhan"s urban parks play a significant role in bird diversity conservation, and the bird diversity status is positively correlated with the area of park green spaces, vegetation coverage, community structure, and the degree of naturalization around the parks. Meanwhile, a comparison was made with the bird diversity status in representative park green spaces in Beijing and Shanghai to analyze the deficiencies in the construction of bird diversity in Wuhan"s park green spaces. Based on this, measures were proposed to improve the connectivity of urban green spaces, construct large-scale woodlands in large green spaces, optimize plant configuration patterns using native species, and moderately rewild urban green spaces to further enhance the bird diversity in urban green spaces.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25
  • 最后修改日期:2025-12-17
  • 录用日期:2026-01-06
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