In order to investigate the effects of drought on dry matter allocation and yield of hybrid and inbred rice, we integrated the results of literature on drought stress-rice yield in China from 1990 to 2020 through Meta-analysis to quantify the effects of rice varieties, the degree of drought stress, and the period of stress on yield, and further investigated the effects of drought (soil water potential -30 kPa±5 kPa) on leaf and root physiological indexes at the flowering stage of rice by utilizing a local pot experiment using Indica hybrids Yangliangyou 6 and Shanyou 63, and Indica inbred rices Huanghuazhan and Yangdao 6. The effects of drought (soil water potential -30 kPa±5 kPa) on leaf and root physiological indexes, dry matter accumulation and distribution patterns of rice at the flowering stage were further investigated using pot experiments with indica hybrid rice Yang Liangyou 6 and Shanyou 63, indica inbred rice Huanghuazhan and Yangdao 6 as experimental materials. Meta-analysis revealed that the average reduction in rice yield under drought was 24.0%; the largest reduction in rice yield under drought stress during the nutrient growth period was up to 24.4%;The significant difference in yield reduction between Indica hybrid and Indica inbred rice under drought stress was 19.3% and 13.8%, respectively, indicating that the yield of inbred rice was relatively stable under drought stress. The local pot experiment found that leaf water potential and chlorophyll content, root wounding flow rate, root absorbing area and active absorbing area of rice significantly decreased under drought stress, in which root wounding flow rate decreased the most, 94.29% and 89.03% for hybrid and inbred rice, respectively, while root vigor significantly increased,. Drought significantly reduced the dry weight of all parts of rice, in which the soluble sugar content and nonstructural carbohydrate content (NSC) of hybrid rice leaves decreased significantly by 37.73% and 25.35%, respectively, while the soluble sugar content and NSC content of inbred rice leaves increased significantly by 21.89% and 10.49%, respectively. Compared with hybrid rice, the physiological indexes of leaves and roots of inbred rice under drought had smaller variation, and its leaves, spikes, and roots accumulated more NSC content, and its stems had higher content of photosynthetic carbon; the NSC content of leaves, spikes, and roots of inbred rice accounted for a greater proportion of the photosynthetic carbon accumulated during the flowering period. Therefore, inbred rice under drought may be able to maintain stable yields by accumulating more NSC to ensure stable energy metabolism in all organs.