In order to explore the application technology of fertilizer and pesticide reduction, a two-factor and three-level experiment was designed to compare the effects of different fertilizer and pesticide reduction combinations on the occurrence and yield of major diseases and pests in rice. The results revealed that the reduction of fertilizer tended to reduce the incidence of disease and insects, whereas the reduction of pesticides gave rise to a tendency to increase the incidence of disease and insects. The occurrence of rice sheath blight, fourth generation rice planthopper, and rice leaf borer could be significantly affected by the reduction of fertilizer. By contrast, the occurrence of rice sheath blight, third - and fourth-generation rice planthopper, and rice leaf borer were significantly affected by the pesticide reduction. However, They both had no significant effect on the occurrence of rice blast, rice false smut, and rice borer. When the fertilizer reduction is approximately 30%, there is a significant effect on yield, leading to the harvest yield reduction of 10.29%. When the reduction of fertilizer is less than 20%, compared with the control treatment, the harvest yield of green additive alternative treatment and biological pesticide alternative treatment increased 0.38% and 2.49%, respectively. Biological pesticide and green additive alternative treatment can be used as technical measures for reducing the number of chemical pesticides.