土壤酸化影响樱桃番茄养分积累和分配
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华中农业大学

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S641.2

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国家现代柑橘产业技术体系养分管理与化肥减施增效岗位


Soil acidification affected nutrients accumulation and distribution in Cherry tomato
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    摘要:

    当前土壤酸化加剧,而土壤酸化对作物养分积累和分配的影响仍不十分清楚。研究揭示土壤酸化对土壤养分有效性和植物吸收、积累、分配养分的影响,为酸化土壤治理尤其是养分高效利用提供依据。采用盆栽试验,以酸性红壤(pH 5.05)、樱桃番茄(Lycopersivon esculentum Mill) 为试验材料,采用柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液和碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液调节土壤pH,使土壤pH下调至4.0,5.0及上调至6.0和7.0,试验共4个处理,每处理5个重复。结果表明,通过缓冲液调节,实测土壤pH为4.35、4.92、5.89、6.85,分别下调0.70、0.13及上调0.84和1.80个pH单位。土壤酸化显著降低樱桃番茄叶面积、生物量尤其是根系生物量,降低植株根冠比;土壤酸化严重抑制氮、磷、钾、镁、铁在番茄根系的累积,而促进铁、锰在茎秆和钙、镁在叶片的累积分配,使根系氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁积累量显著降低,茎秆积累氮、钾、铁、锰较多,叶片积累磷、钙、镁较多,特别是植株各部位锰含量显著提高。由此说明,根系是番茄植株受土壤酸化抑制最严重、最敏感的部位,并因此导致多数养分被根系吸收、迁移受阻而积累显著下降。

    Abstract:

    Soil acidification is currently increasing, but how does soil acidification affect nutrients distribution and accumulation in plant is still not clear. Effects of soil acidification or pH on soil nutrient availability, nutrients concentration and accumulation, migration and distribution in plant were measured, with aim to utilize acidic soil and its nutrients efficiently. Pot experiment was conducted with acidic red soil (pH 5.05) and Cherry tomatoes (Lycopersivon esculentum Mill) as test materials, the soil pH was adjusted with citric acid-sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer and sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer to adjust soil pH to 4.0,5.0,6.0 and 7.0. There were 4 treatments in total, with 5 replicates for each treatment. The result shows that measured soil pH were 4.35, 4.92, 5.89, 6.85, respectively, adjusted down by 0.70, 0.13 and increased by 0.84 and 1.80 pH. Soil acidification significantly reduced the leaf area and biomass of Cherry tomato, especially the root biomass,and root to shoot ratio. Soil acidification severely inhibited the accumulation of N, P, K, Mg and Fe in roots, promoted the accumulation and distribution of Fe and Mn in stem, and Ca and Mg in leaves. Significantly decreased N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe accumulations and its proportion to total in root, with more N, K, Fe and Mn accumulated in stems, more P, Ca and Mg accumulated in leaves, particularly raised all whole plant Mn concentrations significantly. It concluded that the root was the most severe and sensitive part of whole tomato plant inhibited by soil acidification, as a result, most nutrients were absorbed by the roots, migration were blocked, and accumulation was significantly reduced.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-20
  • 最后修改日期:2020-10-08
  • 录用日期:2020-10-09
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