The flavor quality and health benefits of Fuzhuan brick tea are primarily driven by microbial metabolism.This article summarized the succession patterns of its microbial communities，the transformation pathways of metabolic product，and health mechanisms by focusing on the core scientific issues of microbial metabolism-driven the quality and efficacy of Fuzhuan brick tea to optimize the fermentation process of Fuzhuan brick tea，develop functional components with high activity of Fuzhuan brick tea，and establish a standardized system of controlling quality for Fuzhuan brick tea.The microbial communities undergo a three-stage dynamic succession during the process of fermentation.Functional fungi with the genus Eurotium cristatum as the core contributors secrete key enzymes including polyphenol oxidase and cellulase to catalyze the transformation of substrates including catechins and polysaccharides into the abrownins，fuins，and anthraquinone compounds，forming a unique “ungal-floral” aroma and mellow taste of the tea.Meanwhile，microbial metabolites have health benefits including lipid-lowering，antioxidant activity，and regulation of gut microbiota.In the future，it is necessary to integrate multi-omics technologies to establish a precise regulation system，further deepen the studies on multi-strain synergistic mechanisms and health effects，thereby facilitating the development of high value-added products of Fuzhuan brick tea.