In order to scientifically formulate the technical plan for the proliferation and release of large water surface and promote the sustainable and healthy development of ecological fishery， this study took the Weishui Reservoir as an example. On the basis of studying the ecological capacity of the reservoir by using the EwE software， 4 sets of proliferation and release schemes were constructed using the Ecopath model and the best scheme was selected through a comprehensive comparison of the ecological， social and economic benefits of each plan. The research results could provide new ideas and references for the scientific formulation of large-surface ecological fishery programs. The results showed that： （1） If economic benefits and social and environmental benefits such as nitrogen and phosphorus removal were taken as the preferred factors， scheme 1 was optimal， that was， breeding and releasing of silver carp and bighead carp， with the annual release numbers of 135 000 and 491 000， respectively. The annual maximum sustainable output of silver carp and bighead carp was 486.6 t and 1 766.8 t， the total output value， total profit value and unit output value are 80.402 million yuan， 70.037 million yuan and 3.502 million yuan/km²， respectively， and the annual net removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus could reach above 130.41 t and 36.98 t， the total primary productive force/total respiration （TPP/TR） value， connectivity index （CI） value， system omnivorous index （SOI） value and Shannon diversity index value of the ecosystem were 4.030， 0.304， 0.114 and 1.557， respectively. （2） If the health of the ecosystem and the economic benefits of fishery were considered comprehensively， scheme 3 was the best， that was， breeding and releasing of mandarin fish， yellow catfish， common carp， crucian carp， silver carp， and bighead carp with annual discharge numbers of 800，19 000， 9 000， 11 000， 41 000 and 148 000， respectively. The annual maximum sustainable output could reach 1.2 t， 3.8 t， 18.8 t， 5.6 t， 162.8 t and 591.2 t， respectively. The total output value， total profit value and unit output value were 30.418 million yuan， 25.622 million yuan， and 1.281 million yuan/km²， respectively， the annual net removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus could reach above 46.73 t and 13.21 t， and the TPP/TR， CI， SOI and Shannon diversity index were 4.616， 0.302， 0.117 and 1.597， respectively. The above results show that the Ecopath model can be flexibly used to scientifically formulate large-water ecological fishery schemes according to the corresponding fishery management objectives.