214 barley materials selected from home and abroad were classified according to its geographic origin,row-type and hull or naked barley to strengthen the development and utilization of germplasm resources and to improve the kernel traits of barley. The diversity of 9 kernel phenotypic traits and grain protein content (GPC) was analyzed and compared. Results showed that the GPC(10.89%),kernel length (11.36 mm) and kernel diameter (5.57 mm) of wild barley were significantly higher than the GPC (9.06%),kernel length (8.97 mm) and kernel diameter (5.10 mm) of cultivated barley according to the relationship of genetic evolution. However,the kernel width (2.99 mm) and kernel roundness (0.26) of wild barley were significantly lower than the kernel width (3.12 mm) and kernel roundness (0.34) of cultivated barley. There was no significant difference in thousand kernel weight between cultivated barley and wild barley. There were no significant differences in all kernel phenotypic traits between the wild barley from from Central Asian and Southwest Asian. The wild barley from Tibetan had the highest thousand kernel weight (36.25 g) and the lowest GPC ( 6.85%) in all regions. The GPC of cultivated barley in the 6 regions has tended to the same level due to long-term artificial selection and breeding. According to the row-type,the GPC of two-row wild barley (11.26%) was significantly higher than that of six-row wild barley (7.30%),while the thousand kernel weight of two-row wild barley (30.77 g) was significantly lower than that of six-row wild barley (34.66 g). In contrast,the GPC of two-row cultivated barley (8.51%) was significantly lower than that of six-row cultivated barley (9.64%),while its thousand kernel weight (31.81 g) was significantly higher than that of six-row cultivated barley (28.34 g). The kernel length and kernel diameter of hull barley were significantly larger than those of naked barley whether it is cultivated germplasm or wild germplasm. The results of correlation analyses between the various traits showed that thousand kernel weight was significantly positively correlated with kernel width and kernel diameter with the correlation coefficients of 0.850 and 0.681,respectively. The thousand kernel weight was significantly negatively correlated with GPC and kernel length-width ratio with the correlation coefficients of -0.216 and -0.121,respectively. There was significant positive correlation between thousand kernel weight and GPC (r=0.569**) in six-row wild barley. The results of cluster analyses of 10 kernel traits showed that there are different groups between cultivated barley and wild hull barley,naked barley and hull barley. Most of the cultivated barley were grouped into group Ⅰ,most of the naked barley into groupⅡ and most of the wild hull barley into group IV.