Abstract:This article constructed an index system for evaluating the green development level of agriculture from four aspects including resource conservation,environmental friendliness,quality and efficiency,and living guarantee to understand the situations and trends of green development of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and to improve the overall competitiveness of agriculture in the region. On this basis,entropy method and Theil index were used to explore the green development level and regional differences of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2017. The results showed that the overall green development level of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been gradually improved since 2003,especially in terms of rapid development of environmental friendliness,high quality and efficiency,and the living security standard. However,it is facing the dilemma of insufficient improvement in resource conservation as well. From the perspective of regional differences,the gap in the green development level of agriculture among provinces (cities) is narrowing,but the speed of narrowing is slowing down. The top-level design is considered to be improved to promote the overall green development level of agriculture. Measures should be taken in line with local conditions to make up for the shortcomings of the green development of agriculture in different province. The innovation-driven development should be strengthened and the scientific and technological system for the green development of agriculture should be improved.