Based on the survey data of farmers in the Yangtze River Economic Belt including Yunnan,Hubei and Jiangsu,the Trans-log stochastic frontier production function was used to measure the efficiency of fertilizer application and the Tobit model was used to estimate the impact of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology on fertilizer application efficiency in rice production. The results showed that there was still a 31.5% improvement potential in the efficiency of rice fertilizer application in the Yangtze River Economic Belt with other conditions unchanged. The efficiency of fertilizer application in the upper reaches (Yunnan) was relatively lower than that in the middle (Hubei) and the lower reaches (Jiangsu) of the Yangtze River. The efficiency of chemical fertilizer application in rice in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was lower than that of rice production technology,indicating that reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer at current stage would not only lead to a decline in rice yield,but would help improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application. Farmers significantly improved the efficiency of rice chemical fertilizer application through adopting soil testing and formulated fertilization technology. However,for farmers with a relatively high level of fertilizer application efficiency,the effect of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology on the improvement of chemical fertilizer application efficiency had been weakened. It is indicated that the construction of well-facilitated capital farmland to promote the joint planting scale can improve the effect of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology on the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application.