Abstract:Based on the investigation of Z village in central China,this paper studies the practice of precision poverty alleviation from the perspective of ethics and finds that the important reason for the practical difficulties of precision poverty alleviation at the grassroots level is that instrumental rationality surpasses value rationality. The rationality of instrumental rationality leads to the loosening of the relationship between poverty alleviation cadres and poor households in rural areas. The priority of policy efficiency weakens the fairness of the policy. and the digitalization of the examination squeezes the achievements of the poverty alleviation cadres,the rationality of the policy and the instrumental awareness of the policy result in the plight of precision poverty alleviation so that local governments,village cadres and the poor households will conspire and poor households depend much on welfare of the policy,which further highlights the difficulties of precision poverty alleviation. Consequently,this paper points out that in the process of embedding the national policy into the rural community network,weakening the instrumental rationality is an effective way to improve the high efficiency of precision poverty alleviation and realize the healthy operation of rural community governance.