Systematically sorting out the historical evolution of national food security strategy is helpful to reveal the internal logic of the change of food security strategy，and provides theoretical basis and practical reference for formulating a scientific and reasonable food security strategy at present. Starting from traditional grain governance thought and the evolution of China’s food security strategy since the founding of the People’s Republic，this paper distills the ideas of “Great Agriculture” and “Great Market” embodied in land cultivation，utilization，and grain reserve management during the traditional agricultural period.It further reviews the adjustment and change of China’s food security strategy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in terms of security objectives，security paths，strategic foundations and strategic measures.Entering the new stage of development，China faces new opportunities and challenges in ensuring food security.Accordingly，the strategic goals should shift toward full self-sufficiency in staple grains and enhanced overall food supply capacity.From the dual dimensions of productivity enhancement and risk prevention，this study proposes the strategic foundations for safeguarding food security：future strategic adjustments should focus on improving production capacity，strengthening risk prevention，and refining policy support.Specifically，this involves developing new quality productive forces in agriculture to raise grain output，promoting integrated regulation across the grain industry chain to reinforce supply chain resilience，and consolidating a coordinated policy toolkit to improve policy precision and strengthen the marginal regulatory role of the grain reserve system.