Drawing on survey data from 1250 grain farmers in the upper and middle reaches of Yellow River Basin，this study employs Tobit and Two-Stage Least Squares （2SLS） models to empirically analyze the impact of digital finance on the improvement of green total factor productivity of grain production （GGTFP）.The findings are as follows：1）Digital finance significantly boosts GGTFP.2）Digital finance promotes non-agricultural employment among farmers，increases the capital-labor ratio，and encourages the adoption of green production technologies，thereby enhancing GGTFP，with stronger effects observed among households that participate in government agricultural technology extension programs.3）As the quantile of GGTFP increases，the impact of digital finance on GGTFP exhibits a “U-shaped” trend，initially declining and then rising.For farmers in non-major grain-producing areas，those engaged in comprehensive land consolidation，and those in the family support stage，the positive effect of digital finance on GGTFP is more pronounced.Therefore，efforts should be intensified to advance the construction of rural digital financial infrastructure，accelerate the transfer of agricultural labor，promote capital deepening，and expedite the dissemination of green agricultural technologies，while tailoring policies to the heterogeneous conditions of different farmer groups.