New-quality productive forces， which embody both economic and social attributes， represent a new theoretical innovation in Marxist productivity theory. In the era of digital intelligence， amid the pressing issue of China’s agriculture being large in scale but weak in strength， new-quality productive forces have emerged as the fundamental driving force for building an agricultural powerhouse， and the agricultural digital intelligence is thus the inevitable choice and the practical application of the new quality productive forces in China’s unique agricultural contexts. From the perspective of its emergence， new-quality productive forces provide a Marxist theoretical foundation for the rise of agricultural smart-digital transformation； they clarify the historical convergence of the new technological revolution and industrial transformation； and they explain how the leap and upgrade of agricultural digital intelligence is continuously empowered by the development of these new forces. However， due to the special historical position and industrial status of agriculture in China， empowering agricultural smart-digital transformation with new-quality productive forces faces systemic and closed-loop challenges across the “people–infrastructure–supply chain” dimensions： the shortage of agricultural digital intelligence talents， lagging agricultural digital intelligence infrastructure， fragmented agricultural supply chains， and insufficient policy support for agricultural digital intelligence industry. In order to accelerate the transformation of agricultural data intelligence， it is imperative to vigorously promote the application of agricultural subversive scientific and technological innovation， while simultaneously constructing a robust agricultural digital intelligence ecosystem and enhancing the quality and efficiency of all production elements. Ultimately， this transformation will contribute to the construction of a strong agricultural sector and empower the broader goal of building a modern socialist country.