Leveraging the digital economy to clarify its intrinsic influence mechanism on the green total factor productivity（TFP） of grain and to drive its improvement holds significant importance for promoting sustainable development of grain production and guaranteeing grain security.Based on panel data from 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt，the super-efficient SBM-GML model and entropy value method are used to effectively measure the region’s grain green TFP and the digital economy level respectively，and to deeply explore the impact of the digital economy on grain green TFP in this economic belt.The study finds that the overall development of digital economy in the Yangtze River Economic Zone shows a gradual upward trend during the sample period，and the digital economy significantly enhances grain green TFP after incorporating the three types of factor allocation as intermediary variables，it is found that digital economy development helps alleviate labor allocation distortions，thereby improving grain green TFP.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that in more economically developed regions， such as the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration，Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and Wuhan Economic Circle，the positive contribution of digital economy to grain green TFP is more pronounced.These findings provide empirical support for the national advocacy of “vigorously developing the digital economy and boosting agriculture with digitalization”，and offer important policy implications for optimizing factor allocation and enhancing grain green TPF in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.