Grain production is a coordinated action process that aligns the goals of multiple stakeholders.Taking the grain production organization of Jiangxi Pogu Agricultural Technology Company as a case study，this research constructs an analytical framework from the perspective of new structural economics to deconstruct the operating mechanism and internal logic of responsible enterprises driving the compatibility of goals among multiple stakeholders in grain production.The study finds that a proactive government delineates institutional boundaries to create the market space for enterprises through institutional supply，while capable collective implement the policy proposals of the government and effectively connect enterprises，farmers，and agricultural resources through grassroots services. An effective market activates resource factors，and at the same time，grain production enterprises actively integrate social goals and assume social responsibilities.Thus，it is concluded that the organizational behavior of grain production enterprises can serve as a practical force for the coordination of multiple stakeholder goals，with the key being that a proactive government and an effective market can each play their roles in providing a sound infrastructure and property rights environment.