Agricultural equipment plays a vital role in agricultural production，and the strength of its scientific and technological attributes serves as a key indicator distinguishing new quality productive forces from traditional productivity. This paper clarifies the logical framework by which the scientific and technological innovation of agricultural machinery and equipment supports the development of new quality productivity in agriculture. Based on an analysis of the current situation of scientific and technological innovation in China’s agricultural machinery and equipment and the challenges it faces，the paper puts forward the strategies for advancing scientific and technological innovation of agricultural machinery and equipment from the perspective of new quality productive forces . The study demonstrates that innovation in agricultural machinery and equipment science and technology can enhance the quality of production factors and optimize the allocation. Additionally， it can promote the dialectical unity of productivity and production relations，providing strong momentum for the development of agricultural new quality productivity. Although China’s agricultural equipment innovation has advanced significantly in recent years， a notable gap remains when compared to global agricultural machinery leaders. This gap is primarily due to unsound market mechanism and institutional barriers and other aspects of the problem. Therefore，it is essential to clarify the shortcomings and weaknesses in agricultural machinery and equipment，deepen the reform of mechanism and system，reinforce the role of agricultural machinery enterprises in driving innovation，，improve policy precision，and promote the integration of digital technologies with practical applications. By tailoring strategies to local conditions， China can accelerate the technological innovation of agricultural equipment and hasten the formation of new quality productive forces in agriculture.