Due to their special occupational attributes and identity， the attitude of civil servants towards GMOs is considered to play a certain role of model and guide in the whole society. Through a national questionnaire survey on the attitude and cognition of GMOs among 3018 Chinese agricultural civil servants， it was found that Chinese agricultural civil servants have a relatively positive attitude towards GMOs， but at the same time， they also show a certain degree of concern. And regarding the issue of GMOs， Chinese civil servants show clear antithetical attitudes as both individuals and government employees. . At the personal consumption level， the civil servants have a more conservative attitude of opposition toward GMOs， while at the level of national R & D， the civil servants show a supportive attitude that is more consistent with national policies and guidelines toward GMOs. The Chinese civil servants have low genetic science literacy and tend to hold a neutral or recognized attitude towards the GMOs conspiracy theories. Risk perception is the most important cognitive factor that decides whether Chinese civil servants support or oppose GMOs. Therefore， there is a need to promote GM science among civil servants to improve their genetic science literacy， reduce their conspiracy theory belief， and provide targeted interventions on their psychological risk perceptions. These efforts are expected to improve the attitudes of civil servants towards genetic modification， which in turn will promote the industrialization of genetic modification in China.