The construction of long-term mechanism of rural household waste classification is an important part of rural environment improvement. At present， household waste classification is increasingly becoming an environmental management project that is deliberately carried out and implemented in rural areas all over the country， but how to establish a long-term mechanism for domestic waste classification has been troubling local environmental managers. Through the case study of Matou Village in northern Zhejiang Province， we summarize the experience of the village in building a long-term mechanism for household waste classification and the action strategies of different subjects participating in waste classification， and dig deeper into the social structure， social relations， local culture and other social foundations behind the construction of the long-term mechanism. Finally， based on the interaction between theoretical analysis and field investigation， it is proposed that institutional norms endogenous to the village society， effective structures of organization and mobilization， and applicable technical means of governance are the social foundations for the construction of long-term mechanism of rural domestic waste classification， which reflects the theoretical connotation and practical path of the construction of long-term mechanism of environmental governance involving multiple subjects in accordance with the characteristics of rural society.