The green transformation of agriculture is closely associated with the human capital of farming labor.The human capital compensation formed by returned migrant workers has significant practical implications for promoting green production in agriculture and high-quality agricultural development.This paper empirically analyses the impact of returned migrant workers on the greening of farm households by using data from the 2017 China Rural Household Panel Studies（CRHPS）.The study finds that the return of migrant workers significantly reduces the intensity of chemical fertilizer use by farmers，and this result holds under multiple robustness tests.Mechanism analysis shows that the return of migrant workers achieves the reduction in fertiliser application through two paths： mechanized fertilization and expansion of farmland.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of returned migrant workers on green farming differs by education level.Specifically，returned migrant workers with a junior high school education or higher can significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.Furthermore，the relationship between the return of migrant workers and fertiliser application is influenced by the type of crop grown.The effect of returned migrant workers on reducing chemical fertilizer use is more pronounced among farmers cultivating cash crops.The article argues that in order to promote Chinese-style agricultural modernization and facilitate the greening transformation of agriculture，attention should be paid to the self-evolving and self-transforming role of heterogeneous human capital among returned migrant workers.