Based on water and soil resources，analyzing the regional differences of the impact of irrigation and mechanical inputs on rice production efficiency is of great significance for optimizing resource allocation. SFA analysis based on 859 survey data in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Northeast China shows that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，irrigation input has no significant impact on rice production efficiency while the impact of mechanical input is positive and promotes the per capita cultivated land scale in a reciprocal manner.In the northeast of China，both irrigation and mechanical inputs have positive effects，and there is a substitution effect between irrigation input and water resources conditions. Cultivated land fragmentation weakens the impact of mechanical input，and mechanical input and per capita cultivated land scale show a complementary effect. As for technical inefficiency，the impact of irrigation conditions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Northeast China is positive and negative respectively，and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are affected by the per capita scale of cultivated land，while the northeast is affected by the fragmentation of cultivated land.Therefore，differential irrigation input and mechanical factors are important ways to improve the rice supply.