The most arduous task to promote common prosperity lies in the countryside.The research shows that the development and growth of the new rural collective economy has an internal logical correlation with the diversified goal of common prosperity，which helps to make up for the rural shortcomings in the pursuit of common prosperity and is an important engine leading farmers to overcome poverty and move toward common prosperity.The overall development of the new rural collective economy is still relatively weak due to the constraints of prominent unbalanced development，insufficient effective supply of resources，closed property right structure and anomie in governance structure.In an effort to achieve the long-term goal of the basic realization of common prosperity in the middle of this century，the development of new rural collective economy should depend on“enclave economy”，coordinate the overall regional harmonious development，continue to deepen reform of rural property rights system and revitalize the collective “three-capital” and expand openness property，accelerate the separation between politics and economy，and promote the optimization and upgrading of the internal governance structure.