中国粮食生产用水效率的影响因素及空间溢出效应
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国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国粮食生产的水资源时空匹配及优化路径研究”(18ZDA074)。*为通讯作者。


The Influencing Factors and Spatial Spillover Effects of Water Use Efficiency of Grain Production in China
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    摘要:

    粮食生产用水效率反映农业生产中水利用和粮食产出的相对变化,关系粮食安全和农业可持续发展。以粮食生产水足迹作为水资源投入指标,采用超效率SBM模型对中国全要素粮食生产用水效率进行科学测度,在此基础上,运用空间杜宾模型对粮食生产用水效率的影响因素和空间溢出效应展开分析。结果表明:①2001-2019年31省份粮食生产水足迹平均增长4.5%,其中玉米、水稻生产水足迹呈上升态势,增幅主要来自中部地区;②区域粮食生产用水效率呈东、西、中逐步降低的分布格局,西南地区与南部沿海较高,西北地区和黄河流域较低,省域水资源利用水平在空间上呈现向“高耗水—低效率”和“低耗水—高效率”水平跃迁的态势;③节水技术、水土匹配度、城镇化水平和化肥价格对粮食生产用水效率具有显著的正向影响,供水结构和产业结构的影响效应则显著为负,这些因素的区域异质性是造成用水效率空间分布差异的主要原因;④粮食生产用水效率可通过技术溢出、要素流动、生产集聚和价格传导产生空间相互关联和溢出。据此,提出深挖用水效率提升潜力,充分发挥区域互馈效应,实现粮食生产用水效率协同提升的政策启示。

    Abstract:

    Water use efficiency of grain production reflects the relative changes in water use and grain output of agricultural production and is related to long-term food security as well as sustainable agricultural development. This study takes the water footprint of grain production as an indicator of water resources input,adopts the super-efficiency SBM model to scientifically measure the water use efficiency of China’s total factor grain production,and on this basis,uses the Spatial Durbin model to analyze the influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of water efficiency. The results of the study show that:① The water footprint of 31 provinces’ grain production increased by an average of 4.5% from 2001 to 2019,of which the water footprint of corn and rice showed an upward trend,and the increase was mainly seen in the central region.② The water use efficiency of regional grain production is highest in the east followed successively by the west and the middle area. The water use efficiency in the southwest region and the southern coast is higher,while in the northwest region and the Yellow River Basin is lower. Water utilization at the provincial level is spatially divided into two levels:“high water consumption with low efficiency” and “low water consumption with high efficiency”.③ Water-saving technology,water-land matching,urbanization level and fertilizer price have significant positive impact on the water use efficiency of grain production,while the impact of water resources supply structure as well as industrial structure is significantly negative. The regional heterogeneity of these factors is the main reason for the difference in the spatial distribution of water use efficiency.④ Water efficiency of grain production can be spatially correlated and spilled through technology spillover,factor flow,production agglomeration and price transmission. Based on this,it is proposed to explore the potential of water efficiency improvement,use regional mutual feedback effect,and realize the coordinated improvement of water use efficiency in grain production.

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徐依婷,穆月英,张哲晰.中国粮食生产用水效率的影响因素及空间溢出效应[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2022(4):76-89

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-07-14
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