Abstract:The application and development of synthetic biology technology has made important contributions to basic life science research, human health, environmental protection and economic growth. As synthetic biology becomes cheaper, easier to use and more accessible, it is urgent to establish an effective risk governance system to prevent and control its potential ethical, biosafety and biosecurity risks and to promote the healthy development of technology. Based on the risk governance model of European and American countries, it is suggested that risk prevention and innovation should be given equal emphasis, and that ethical governance and legal regulation should be adopted as a two?pronged approach, so as to provide useful experience for the regulation of synthetic biology in China, reduce risks and control conflicts of interest, promote innovation in synthetic biology, and standardize the research and production of synthetic biology in China.