The intellectualization of village directors is not only related to the quality of the grassroots talent team, but also affects farmers’ production and rural economic development. Based on the panel data of the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2014 and 2016, the article conducted a research on the impact of the education level of village directors on the income of rural residents. The study found that when a person with higher education is elected as a village director, the total per capita income of a farmer’s family can be significantly increased. Moreover, with the coexistence of diversification of farmers’ income and the heterogeneity within farmers, the effect of the village director has benefited different farmers, which significantly increased the per capita agricultural income of large growers and the per capita non-agricultural income of low-income farmers. In areas with information poor such as mountainous areas, the education level of village directors has a more obvious impact on the income and structure of farmers’ families, which can increase the per capita non-agricultural income and per capita property income of farmers in mountainous areas, and reduce their per capita income from subsistence allowances. Establishing and improving the rural talent introduction and incentive mechanism, implementing differentiated policies for farmer families with different resource endowments and location conditions will contribute to the revitalization of rural talents, reduce relative poverty, and increase farmer household income.