The current policy tries to promote fertilizer reduction by supporting the development of social service organizations，but its effect is still being questioned. The empirical studies based on the 2015 China Household Finance Survey data （CHFS） show that the development of social service organizations does not necessarily contribute to fertilizer reduction. Whether they work or not is determined by their matching service targets. If the business entities they offer services to are new agricultural business entities such as agricultural enterprises，family farms，agricultural cooperatives and specialized households，the matching effect can be optimal and the development of social service organizations can effectively lead to fertilizer reduction. The result of the study shows that there is a synergistic effect between the development of agricultural social service organizations and the cultivation of new agrarian business entities in terms of promoting fertilizer reduction. Therefore，China needs to pay attention to the “matching development” of the new agricultural business entities and social service organizations.