This paper reveals the theoretical origin of agricultural transformation with respect to the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,analyzes the “thin market” challenge faced by agricultural transformation and its causes,and then puts forward a feasible path to stimulate agricultural transformation by relying on market mechanism based on traditional ecological wisdom,quantitative economic growth theory and ecological civilization thought from the perspective of market evolution.We conclude that according to the requirements of the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,agriculture should not only mitigate climate change through emission reduction and foreign exchange increase,but also enhance its ability to adapt to climate change on the premise of ensuring the effective supply of food and agricultural products. Timely stress on agricultural transformationcould prevent the “Giddens paradox” and reduce the social cost of realizing the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It should be admitted that agriculture faces a difficulty of price generation due to typical externalities in mitigating and adapting to climate change has typical externalities. Therefore,it is necessary to build a multimarket trading system to maintain a marginal balance between the cost input and income acquisition of agricultural lowcarbon production. Thus,the value of ecological environment sector represented by lowcarbon agriculture is balanced with the “value” of other economic and social sectors.