Abstract:In spite of 17 years’ consecutive harvest and continuous improvement of food security situation in China,the government grain reserves regional layout deserves attention.According to the white paper “Food Security in China”,there were a total of 670 million tons of standard grain warehouses and 240 million tons of simple warehouses in 2018. The total effective warehouse capacity increased by 31.9% compared with 1996. At present,the layout of government grain reserves are mainly concentrated in the production areas,and the residents’ grain consumption is mainly concentrated in the sales areas. The regional layout of the government’s grain reserves does not match that of residents’ consumption. This kind of reserve layout arrangement will cause profound effects such as the “reverse subsidy” of grain production areas to sales areas,frequent occurrence of “freerider phenomenon” in sales areas,and prominent contradictions in timebased centralized transportation. Therefore,based on macrocontrol theory,intergovernmental transfer payment theory,game theory and circulation theory,this paper proposes four ways to optimize the layout of government grain reserves which are improving the government’s grain reserve macrocontrol mechanism,establishing mechanism to guarantee grain reserve production and marketing area funding,constructing mechanism to coordinate the interests of grain reserve production and marketing area,and establishing a complete grain circulation security system in the production and marketing area so as to give full play to the synergistic effect of the government’s grain reserves in regulating the grain market and stabilizing grain prices to achieve highquality development of my country’s grain market.