Building a scientific evaluation index system and choosing an appropriate evaluation method are pivotal in evaluating the effectiveness of new urbanization comprehensive pilot policy.Based on Marx’s theory of urban and rural development and the theory of allround human development,this paper adopts synthetic control method and takes Changsha as an example in the first batch of pilot cities of new urbanization to evaluate the systematic impact of comprehensive pilot policies of new urbanization on urban development quality.The study found that although the comprehensive pilot policy of new urbanization improved the quality of urban comprehensive development,the marginal utility of the policy showed a decreasing trend.Moreover,there are obvious differences in the impact of pilot policies on various dimensions of urban development,which are manifested in the inverse relationship between the impacts on economic development dimensions and environmental development dimensions,and the marginal utility brought by pilot policies on urban and rural development dimensions is more stable than that brought by social development dimensions.From the perspective of the weight of urban development quality evaluation index,the marginal improvement of social development dimension has the greatest contribution to the improvement of urban comprehensive development quality.