This paper attempts to explore the role of the DLZ project in eliminating and transferring risks and improving its capabilities from the perspective of risk distribution justice and capacity justice using distribution justice as a methodology. This paper uses a quasi-experimental method to compare the differences between the experimental group and the control group in dealing with the risks. Finally,the two are unified in a theoretical sense,and a “risk-capacity coupling” strategy and framework are constructed. This framework plays a significant role in avoiding the vicious circle of poverty and achieving a virtuous circle of risk transfer and capacity enhancement. In the critical stage of Targeted Poverty Alleviation,confronting the “hardest nut to crack”,the “risk-capacity coupling” poverty alleviation strategy will become an effective approach to this difficulty.