Environmental pollution risk is characterized by mobility,uncertainty,time-and-space span,immeasurability and irretrievability,thus leading to institutional limitations in the national governance mechanism and market governance mechanism in face of environmental pollution,so it is urgent to build a third-party governance mechanism of environmental pollution society. The third party of environmental protection society is characterized by publicity,public welfare,professionalism,neutrality and organization. The third party governance of environmental pollution society can achieve the system performance in interest demand,interest development,interest coordination and interest protection. In view of the bottlenecks restraining the third-party governance in environmental pollution society,such as the structural imbalance of macro power,the overall imbalance of meso mechanism,and the systematic anomie of micro behavior,this paper proposes to optimize the structural equilibrium mechanism,the overall implementation mechanism and the systematic regulatory mechanism of the third-party governance in environmental pollution society in China.