Since the founding of new China,the relationship between urban and rural areas in China has undergone profound changes. From the early days of founding of the People’s Republic of China to the period before the reform and opening up,China gradually established the dual system of urban and rural division to serve the strategy of industrial development. After the reform and opening up,the dual system of urban-rural division has been gradually broken with transformation of the development mode,and the urban-rural relationship has continued to integrate. Summarizing the evolution between urban and rural areas since the founding of new China,it is not difficult to find the law of development throughout it:the mode of development is the fundamental factor that affects the urban-rural relationship; the institutional arrangement is the direct factor that affects the urban-rural relationship; market-oriented reform orientation is an important means to break the urban-rural dual system; the continuous empowerment to farmers is an important way to improve the coordination of urban and rural development. Overall,the integration of urban and rural areas is a long-term,gradual and interactive developing process. Under the new era,to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,we need to focus on further reform and innovation,urban-rural integration,and the protection of farmers’ rights and interests. Meanwhile,we must maintain strategic strength and historical patience for steady,stable and continuous achievements.