Aiming at the PPP modelin rural environmental governance,this paper constructs the evolutionary game analysis framework of the three-party subject,analyzes its behavior strategy based on symbiotic logic,and makes empirical analysis in combination with typical cases.The results show that PPP model is not effective as expected,but the efficient governance,typically the government regulation is crucial to the PPP model of rural environmental governance.The symbiotic logic should be based on effective government regulation,reduction of cost for the social capital in contract compliance and benefiting the villagers,etc.The working of punishment mechanism could reduce the occurrence of non-compliance on part of governmetn and social capital,thus making the symbiotic logic possible.If there is a lack of effective supervision,symbiotic logic would never exist.The key to the participation of villagers lies in their net gain other than the additional bonus from the government.Accordingly,it is proposed to improve the governance capacity,motivate the villagers’ initiative.